转录因子在水稻干旱胁迫响应中的功能研究进展

Research Progress on the Function of Transcription Factors in Response to Drought Stress in Rice

水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是世界主要粮食作物之一,随着全球气候变暖和人口不断增长,以及农业用水的增加和可利用淡水资源的减少,干旱胁迫已成为影响水稻生长发育和产量最重要的非生物逆境胁迫。选育抗旱品种是应对干旱胁迫最有效且相对经济的措施,而挖掘抗旱基因是进行水稻抗旱育种的基础。研究表明,水稻的抗旱性是由众多基因共同调控的复杂数量性状,涉及的基因网络错综复杂。在这一调控网络中,转录因子扮演着至关重要的角色。转录因子是指能够特异性结合某基因启动子区域顺式作用元件的蛋白质,它在调节植物的生长发育、代谢过程及生物、非生物胁迫过程中发挥重要作用。目前,已在水稻中鉴定出多种参与干旱胁迫响应的转录因子,包括bZIP、MYB、NAC、DREB、WRKY、锌指蛋白、SPL、bHLH、MADS、热激蛋白和GRAS等家族成员。当水稻遭受干旱等逆境胁迫时,这些转录因子通过特异性调控一系列下游靶标基因的表达,进而调节水稻对干旱胁迫的适应性。该文就近年来转录因子在水稻响应干旱胁迫中的功能进行综述,通过深入分析转录因子的生物学功能和作用机制,有助于加强人们对水稻抗旱性分子基础的认识,同时为培育具有更强抗旱能力的水稻新品种提供重要的理论依据。

Rice(Oryza sativa L.)is one of the major food crops worldwide.With global warming and the continuous growth of the population,the increase of agricultural water use and the reduction of available freshwater resources,drought stress has become the most serious abiotic stress affecting the growth,development and yield of rice.Breeding drought-resistant varieties is the most effective and economical measure to cope with drought stress,and exploring drought-resistant genes is a foundation of drought-resistance breeding.Researches have showed that,the drought resistance of rice is a complex quantitative trait controlled by many genes,involving a complex network of genes.In this regulatory network,transcription factors play a vital role.Transcription factors refer to proteins that can specifically bind to the cis-acting elements in the promoter region of a gene,and they play an important role in regulating plant growth and development,metabolic processes,and biotic and abiotic stress processes.In rice,a variety of transcription factors involved in the response to drought stress have been identified,including members of the bZIP,MYB,NAC,DREB,WRKY,zinc finger protein,SPL,bHLH,MADS,heat shock protein and GRAS families.When rice is subjected to drought stress,these transcription factors regulate the adaptability of rice to drought stress by specifically regulating the expression of a series of downstream target genes.In this article,we review the function of transcription factors in rice response to drought stress in recent years.By thoroughly analyzing the biological functions and mechanisms of action of transcription factors,it will help to strengthen the understanding about the molecular basis of rice drought resistance and provide an important theoretical basis for breeding new rice varieties with drought resistance.