临床病理技术在胸腔积液细胞块诊断过程中的应用效果观察

Observation of the application effect of clinical pathology technology in the diagnostic process of pleural effusion cell block

目的探讨临床病理技术在胸腔积液细胞块诊断过程中的应用效果。方法选取2021年2月-2023年12月100例胸腔积液患者,随机分为两组,对照组50例采用常规细胞涂片法检查,治疗组50例采用细胞块免疫组化法检查,比较两组诊断结果、不同癌细胞不同抗体表达。结果对照组诊断结果阳性、阴性分别有44例(88.00%)、6例(12.00%),治疗组分别有50例(100.00%)、0例(0.00%),治疗组阳性检出率高于对照组(P<0.05);细胞块免疫组化法显示,间皮细胞在CK5/6、WT-1、Calretinin抗体、CEA、TTF-1抗体、CK7的表达分别为30.95%、28.57%、26.19%、14.29%、0.00%、0.00%,腺癌分别为12.07%、10.34%、0.00%、32.76%、24.14%、20.69%,两组比较,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论在诊断胸腔积液细胞块时,与传统的细胞涂片方法相比,细胞块免疫组化法的阳性率更高,可通过不同抗体的表达水平将腺癌与间皮癌区分,具有重要的临床应用价值。

Objective To explore the application effect of clinical pathology technology in the diagnostic process of pleural effusion cell block.Methods 100 cases of pleural effusion patients were selected from February 2021 to December 2023 and randomly divided into two groups,50 cases in the control group were examined by conventional cell smear method and 50 cases in the treatment group were examined by cell block immunohistochemistry method,comparing the diagnostic results of the two groups and the expression of different antibodies in different cancer cells.Results There were 44 cases(88.00%)and 6 cases(12.00%)with positive and negative diagnostic results in the control group,and 50 cases(100.00%)and 0 cases(0.00%)in the treatment group,and the positive detection rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);cell block immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of mesothelial cells in CK5/6,WT-1,Calretinin antibody,CEA,TTF-1 antibody,and CK7 was 30.95%,28.57%,26.19%,14.29%,0.00%,0.00%,and 0.00%,respectively,and in adenocarcinoma was 12.07%,10.34%,0.00%,32.76%,24.14%,and 20.69%,respectively.The difference between the two groups was significant(P<0.05).Conclusion In the diagnosis of pleural effusion cell mass,compared with the traditional cell smear method,cell mass immunohistochemistry has a higher positivity rate,and can distinguish adenocarcinoma from mesothelial carcinoma by the expression level of different antibodies,which has an important clinical application value.