氮调控植物对不同养分吸收利用的生理和分子机制

Physiological and molecular mechanisms of nitrogen regulation on plant absorption and utilization of different nutrients

氮肥施加量和氮源形态显著影响植物对营养元素的吸收和利用。本文总结了近年来关于氮素调控植物养分吸收利用的生理生化机制研究,包括不同氮源形态和不同氮施加量调控植物对氮、磷、钾、钙、铁等大量和微量元素的吸收和利用。比如氮通过调控植物根系形态结构、根系细胞壁组分、根际微生物代谢和群落结构、体内信号分子传导及通路等过程,直接或者间接的影响植物对土壤中元素的吸收利用。氮对不同植物养分吸收利用的调控作用存在差异,在农业生产上可通过针对性的施加氮肥提高作物对营养元素的吸收利用效率,从而达到减肥增效的目的。

The application amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the form of nitrogen source significantly affect the absorption and utilization of nutrient elements by plant.This paper summarized the recent researches on the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of nitrogen regulation of plant nutrient absorption and utilization under different nitrogen source form or different application amount of nitrogen fertilizer conditions,such as nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,iron,other macronutrients and micronutrients.For example,nitrogen directly or indirectly affects the absorption and utilization of elements in the soil by regulating the morphology and architecture of plant roots,the components of root cell wall,the metabolism and community structure of rhizosphere microbial,transduction and pathways of signaling molecule in plant.Nitrogen has different regulatory effects on the nutrient absorption and utilization in different plant cultivars.In agricultural production process,targeted application of nitrogen fertilizers via improving the absorption and utilization efficiency of nutrients by crops to achieve the purpose of efficiency enhancement based on the decreasing of fertilizer application.