从马克思经济学角度审视“去增长论”

Marxian Economics of Degrowth

本文主要从马克思经济学的理论研究成果出发,对去增长论进行探讨。环境危机的直接原因是人类活动在物质方面的扩张,但为了摆脱这一危机,眼下应该努力的方向是审视经济增长的是非对错。在这一点上,需要严格区分经济增长和利润获取。当经济不增长时,社会就会陷入停滞这一印象简单来说是上个世纪资本主义形象的延续,理论上并不合逻辑。创造利润和经济增长是两个不同的概念,我们可以设想一个即使没有增长也可以追逐利润的社会。它将是一个有利润但没有积累的社会。在这样的社会中,与追逐利润相关的各种严重问题仍然存在,但是暂时实现了去增长。因为没有积累的社会不能摆脱阶级社会,所以不能称之为社会主义、共产主义等后资本主义社会制度。但是,它部分地继承了迄今为止提出的国家社会主义、市场社会主义的原则,是迈向未来现实的第一步。

This article aims at investigatingg“degrowth”from the perspective of Marxian economics,thereby demonstrating a persuasive path toward degrowth.In Japan,Kohei Saito's“degrowth communism”has attracted attention to the idea of degrowth.However,abolishing the market system is too ambitious to be an immediate remedy for climate change.Marxian economics is a key to finding out how to step toward this ideal.First of all,we must strictly distinguish economic growth and the profit-seeking.Some argue that the end of growth is the end of profit,yet this is not necessarily the case.The“Fundamental Marxian Theorem”shows that the condition of accruing profit is the exploitation of labor,not the economic growth.This means that it is possible to envision a society in which profit is pursued even in the absence of growth.This would be a society with profit but without accumulation.In such a society,we will still see various serious problems associated with the pursuit of profit,but degrowth will be realized.Since a society without accumulation cannot overcome class society,it cannot be described by terms such as socialism or communism,which refer to post-capitalist social systems.However,this is a realistic first step toward the future,while inheriting some of the ideas of state socialism and market socialism that have been proposed so far.