脑卒中患者的偏瘫步态研究进展

Research Progress on Hemiplegic Gait in Stroke Patients

随着中国人口老龄化的加剧,脑卒中的发病率逐渐增高。脑卒中后患者大多出现步行功能异常,主要表现为偏瘫步态,患者步行平衡较差易发生跌倒造成骨折等二次伤害,给其心理和生理带来不同程度的创伤,严重影响其生活质量。近年来,对偏瘫步态的生物力学特征无系统概述。本文系统介绍了脑卒中患者的偏瘫步态特征,着重从步态对称性、时空参数、运动学、动力学、肌电活动和能量消耗等方面回顾了近年来国内外对偏瘫步态的研究,旨在为脑卒中患者偏瘫步态的临床研究和训练方案提供理论参考依据。

With the aging of China's population,the incidence of stroke is gradually increasing.Most of the post-stroke patients have abnormal walk‐ing function,which is mainly manifested as hemiplegic gait.Patients with poor walking balance are prone to fall and cause secondary injuries such as bone fracture,which brings different degrees of psychological and physiological trauma and seriously affects their quality of life.In recent years,there is no systematic overview of the biomechanical characteristics of hemiplegic gait.This paper systematically introduces the hemiplegic gait char‐acteristics of stroke patients,focuses on the review of recent domestic and international studies on hemiplegic gait in terms of gait symmetry,spatio temporal parameters,kinematics,kinetics,electromyographic activity and energy expenditure,and aims to provide theoretical references for the clini‐cal research and training programs of hemiplegic gait in stroke patients.