基于HBM多模式健康教育在髋关节置换术患者中的应用

Application of Multi-Mode Health Education Based on HBM in Patients with Hip Replacement

目的:探讨基于健康信念模式(HBM)的多模式健康教育髋关节置换术患者下床活动时间、自护能力的影响。方法:选取2020年3月-2023年3月余干县人民医院收治的60例髋关节置换术患者为研究对象,按照护理方法的不同分为常规组与试验组。常规组(n=32)使用常规护理方法,试验组(n=28)在常规护理基础上使用基于HBM的多模式健康教育。在干预前后使用髋关节功能量表(HHS)、自我护理能力量表(ESCA)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)评估2组患者干预前后的髋关节功能与自护能力。比较2组患者干预后的髋关节功能康复情况(首次下床活动时间、主动直腿抬高时间、主动屈膝达90°时间)以及并发症发生情况。结果:干预后,2组患者HHS、ESCA、GSES评分均高于干预前,且试验组高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组患者首次术后下床活动时间、主动直腿抬高时间、主动屈膝达90°时间均短于常规组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组并发症率7.14%低于常规组的28.12%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于HBM的多模式健康教育对髋关节置换术患者运用良好,可缩短患者下床活动时间,提升患者自护能力并降低并发症率。

Objective:To explore the effect of multimodal health education based on health belief model(HBM)on out-ofbed activity time and self-care ability in patients undergoing hip replacement.Methods:60 patients with hip replacement who were admitted to Yugan County People’s Hospital from March 2020 to March 2023 were selected as the research objects.According to different nursing methods,they were divided into a routine group and an experimental group.The routine group(n=32)used routine nursing methods,and the experimental group(n=28)used multimodal health education based on HBM on the basis of routine nursing.Before and after the intervention,the hip joint Function Scale(HHS),Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale(ESCA)and General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES)were used to evaluate the hip joint function and self-care ability of the two groups of patients before and after the intervention.The hip joint function rehabilitation(ambulation time,active straight leg raising time,active knee flexion 90°for the first time)and complications were compared between the two groups after intervention.Results:After the intervention,the HHS,ESCA and GSES scores of the two groups were higher than those before the intervention,and the scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the routine group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The time of getting out of bed,the time of active straight leg raising,and the time of active knee flexion reaching 90°for the first time in the experimental group were shorter than those in the conventional group,and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).The complication rate of the experimental group 7.14%was lower than 28.12%of the conventional group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The multimodal health education based on HBM is well applied in patients with hip replacement,which can shorten the time of out-of-bed activity,improve the self-care ability of patients and reduce the incidence of complications.