在公共产品与地缘政治之间:西方安全援助的理论反思

Between Public Goods sand Geopolitics:Theoretical Reflections on Western Security Assistance

安全援助旨在通过作战支持、能力培养、装备与技术援助及后勤支助等手段提升伙伴国安全治理能力。西方安全援助主要通过两种操作来掩饰其地缘政治关切:一是将新兴的民事支助纳入安全援助,以此稀释地缘政治关切;二是对冲突管理、稳定化与和平时期实现全覆盖,进而放大公共产品属性。但上述举措难以奏效:一方面,传统军事援助在西方安全援助中占据着主导地位;另一方面,西方安全援助往往强调垄断供应、拒绝分工合作。这意味着,西方安全援助的既有实践往往输出自由和平论,诱发供应竞争,并对伙伴国安全治理产生消极影响。中国提出的全球安全倡议坚持发展和平观,促进安全援助分工合作,推动伙伴国的持久和平,有助于安全援助公共产品属性的回归。

Security assistance aims to improve the security governance capabilities of partner countries through operation supporting,capability building,equipment and technical assistance,and logistical support.Western countries conceal their geopolitical concerns in their security assistance by two different logics.One is to bring the emerging civil support into security assistance so as to dilute its geopolitical concerns,and the other is to fully include conflictmanagement,stabilization and peacetimeSo as to highlight the public goods attribute of security assistance.However,such measures are difficult to be effective.On the one hand,traditional military assistance dominates Western security assistance..On the other hand,existing Western security assistance insists onmonopolized provisionand refuses cooperation based on the division of labor.Thus far Western practices of security assistance often export liberal peace theory,induce supply competition,and make more trouble for partner countries.Based on developmental peace theory,the Global Security Initiative proposed by China aims to promote the division of labor and cooperation of security assistance and enduring peace in partner countries,which could contribute to re-establishing the public goods attribute of security assistance.