全球南方的地区主义:东盟的进程与经验

Regionalism in the Global South:The ASEAN's Process and Experience

第二次世界大战后,全球南方国家逐渐走上了构建地区组织的道路,1967年成立的东盟便是其中重要代表之一。在地区主义实践中,东盟确立了对外保持中立、不结盟,对内通过协商来协调立场、保持团结的行为方式。东盟运用这一方式,成功应对与解决了柬埔寨危机、缅甸入盟、1997年亚洲金融危机等问题。一方面,东盟抵挡住全球北方国家的压力,捍卫了东南亚地区的团结与利益;另一方面,东盟坚持以共同的地区立场为核心来处理域内问题,强化了东盟的区域集体意识,避免了“囚徒困境”的发生。东盟作为地区主义的成功实践,形成了独具特色并不断发展的“东盟方式”,确立并巩固了东盟的地区“中心性”地位,为全球南方地区组织的发展提供了可资借鉴的经验。

After World War Il,the Global South gradually embarked on the path of constructing regional organizations.The Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN),formed in 1967,was a cogent example.In the practice of regionalism,ASEAN has established a mode of behavior that is based on the principles of neutralityand non-alignment externallyandemphasizes coordination and unity through consultation internally.Using this approach,ASEAN has successfully resolved the Cambodian crisis,Myanmar's accession to the Association,and the 1997 Asian financial crisis.On the one hand,ASEAN resists pressures from countries in the Global North and defended its regional unity and interests;on the other hand,ASEAN insists on taking a common regional position as the core to deal with regional issues,which has strengthened ASEAN's collective identity and avoided the“Prisoner's Dilemma.”Therefore,ASEAN's successful practice of regionalism results in a unique and evolving“ASEAN way,”which has established and consolidated“ASEAN centrality”and provided a useful lesson for the development of regional organizations in the Global South.