支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血的性别回顾分析

Retrospective gender analysis of bronchial artery embolization for massive hemoptysis

目的回顾性分析发生肺大咯血患者的临床特征和预后结局。方法收集2016年至2018年因大咯血在我院接受支气管动脉栓塞术的患者,按照性别差异分为2组,其中女性68例,男性195例;统计患者的原发病、发病年龄、住院时长、出血部位、使用的栓塞剂、咯血复发率及死亡率,使用SPSS 27.0软件分析患者发病年龄和住院时长、性别和患者复发咯血及死亡的相关性,使用RStudio 4.2.2制作患者复发咯血及死亡诺莫图。结果原发病前3位的细菌感染、支气管扩张(支扩)和陈旧性肺结核中女性发病率为50%、22%、15%,男性为43%、21%、21%;发病年龄女性为(54.6±16.8)岁,男性为(60.1±14.0)岁;出血部位中仅左肺、仅右肺、双肺可见,女性占比6%、21%、73%,男性占比17%、21%、62%;栓塞剂350~560μm PVA颗粒和300~500μm微球中女性31%、24%,男性50%、17%;复发咯血患者中前3位原发病陈旧性肺结核、肺部感染和支扩中,女性占比33%、33%、33%,男性44%、34%、10%;引起患者死亡的原因较为复杂,其中肺部感染起到了重要作用。结论女性和男性在原发病、出血部位、栓塞剂的适用、复发咯血和死亡预后当中存在性别差异,且年龄为患者复发咯血及死亡的独立影响因素。

Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical features and prognosis of patients with massive pulmonary hemoptysis.Methods Patients with massive hemoptysis,who received bronchial artery embolization at authors'hospital between 2016 and 2018,were collected for this study.According to the gender,the patients were divided into female group(n=68)and male group(n=195).The primary disease,age at onset,length of hospital stay,bleeding site,embolization agent used,recurrence rate of hemoptysis,and mortality were calculated.SPSS.27.0 software was used to analyze the correlation between the age of onset,length of hospital stay,gender,recurrence of hemoptysis and death.RStudio4.2.2 software was used to make a normogram of patient's recurrent hemoptysis and death.Results The primary diseases in the top three were bacterial infection,bronchiectasis and old pulmonary tuberculosis,the incidences of them in the female group were 50%,22%and 15%respectively and in the male group were 43%,21%and 21%respectively.The mean age at onset in the female group was(54.6±16.8)years and in the male group was(60.1±14.0)years.The proportions of the bleeding site in the left lung,right lung,or both lungs in the female group were 6%,21%and 73%respectively and in the male group were 17%,21%and 62%respectively.The proportions of the used embolization agent of 350-560μm PVA particles and 300-500μm microspheres in the female group were 31%and 24%respectively and in the male group were 50%and 17%respectively.In the patients who had recurrent hemoptysis,the primary diseases in the top three were old pulmonary tuberculosis,pulmonary bacterial infection and bronchiectasis,the incidences of them in the female group were 33%,33%and 33%respectively and in the male group were 44%,34%and 10%respectively.The causes of death were much complex,in which pulmonary infection played an important role.Conclusion In patients with massive pulmonary hemoptysis,there are differences in the primary disease,bleeding site,applicable embolization agent,recurrence rate of hemoptysis,and mortality between females and males,in addition,the age is an independent influencing factor for recurrent hemoptysis and death.