基于改进型遥感生态指数的干旱区生态环境评价:以阴山北麓内蒙古武川县为例

Assessment of ecological environment in arid region based on the improved remote sensing ecological index:A case study of Wuchuan County,Inner Mongolia at the northern foot of Yin Mountains

实时评估干旱半干旱区的生态环境质量,对我国干旱半干旱区生态环境可持续发展具有至关重要的意义。本研究以阴山北麓典型地区内蒙古武川县为研究区,利用谷歌地球引擎,耦合绿度、湿度、干度、表土粒度、热度5个指标,构建表土遥感生态指数(TRSEI),对武川县1990—2020年生态环境质量进行评价,并采用一元线性回归、多元回归残差分析以及Hurst指数等方法揭示生态环境质量的时空演变及其驱动因素。结果表明:研究区TRSEI的第1主成分贡献度超过70%,特征值均值达0.148,表明TRSEI能有效集成各生态指标信息,引入的表土粒度指标对干旱半干旱区生态环境质量评价有重要意义。1990—2020年,研究区TRSEI波动范围在0.289~0.458,整体呈轻微恶化趋势;耕地及退耕区生态环境质量有所改善,改善区域面积占总面积的47.9%,而草地、裸地、城建区恶化,恶化区域面积占总面积的52.1%。未来,36.9%区域的生态环境质量将持续改善,而41.4%区域可能持续恶化。人类活动是研究区生态环境质量变化的主要驱动因素,面积占比88.6%;气候变化同样有显著影响,面积占比11.4%。TRSEI能够有效评估干旱半干旱区生态环境质量,可为干旱半干旱区生态保护建设提供科学依据。

Real-time assessment of ecological environment quality in arid and semi-arid regions is crucial for the sustainable development of ecological environments in China.In this study,we constructed a topsoil remote sensing ecological index(TRSEI)by coupling five indicators,greenness,wetness,dryness,topsoil grain size,and heat,with the Google Earth Engine(GEE).With the index,we evaluated the ecological environment quality of Wuchuan County from 1990 to 2020,and examined the spatio-temporal variations of ecological environment quality and its driving factors by using univariate linear regression,multiple regression residual analysis,and Hurst index.Results showed that the first principal component of the TRSEI in the study area contributed over 70%,with a mean eigenvalue of 0.148,indicating the effective integration of various ecological indicators by TRSEI.The topsoil grain size index was essential for the assessment of ecological environment quality in arid and semi-arid regions.From 1990 to 2020,the fluctuation range of TRSEI in the study area was between 0.289 and 0.458,showing an overall slight deterioration trend.The ecological environment quality of cropland and de-farming region had improved,with the improved area accounting for 47.9% of the total area.The grassland,barren land,and construction land areas had deteriorated,with the deteriorated area accounting for 52.1% of the total area.In the future,36.9% of the regions would experience continuous improvement in ecological environment quality,while 41.4% might continue to dete-riorate.Human activities were the primary driving factor for the changes in ecological environment quality in arid and semi-arid regions,accounting for 88.6% of the total area.Climate change also had a significant impact,accounting for 11.4% of the total area.The TRSEI could effectively assess the ecological environment quality of arid and semi-arid regions,providing a scientific basis for ecological conservation and construction in these areas.