魏玛共和国科幻文学中的极北之地时空体——论《山、海和巨人》作为冰世界小说的异类

The Chronotope of Thule in Science Fiction of the Weimar Republic:On Berge Meere und Giganten as a Special Case of the Ice World Novels

千禧年以来二十余年间,金融海啸席卷全球,贫富差距扩大,地区战争烈度渐强,海量的难民涌向欧美,兼之瘟疫爆发,大众对未来的预期愈趋黯淡,更加乞灵于科技的跨越式发展,对开发生存空间的兴趣也日益浓厚。公众心态发生偏移的背后,通俗科幻文学借大众媒体推波助澜。无独有偶,通俗文学和大众心理发生互动的现象在风雨飘摇的魏玛共和国时期也曾出现。本文从流行于该时期的科幻文学中剥离出“冰世界小说”这一类型,借此探讨德国科幻文学与地缘政治结合的历史成因,尝试运用巴赫金的“时空体”理论在叙事学层面上追寻冰世界小说的社会学意义,并以德布林的《山、海和巨人》为个案,解读这部以冰世界为外观的小说作品与众不同的恶托邦反思。

In the twenty years since the turn of the millennium,the economic crisis and financial tsunami of an unprecedented scale have swept the world.The widening gap between the rich and the poor,and the increasing intensity of regional wars have created a large number of refugees and immigrants flocking to Europe and the United States.With the outbreak of the pandemic,the global public's expectations for the future have become increasingly bleak.People are begging for leapfrog development of science and technology,and their interest in developing living space is also increasing.In the process of shifting public mentality,popular science fiction carried by the mass media has played a role in fueling the flames.Coincidentally,this phenomenon of interaction between popular literature and popular psychology in times of crisis also appeared in Germany's Weimar Republic a hundred years ago.This article will separate the subgenre of"Ice-world Fiction"from popular science fiction of this period,so as to explore the historical causes of the combination of German science fiction and geopolitics and try to use Bakhtin's"chronotope"theory to pursue the sociological significance of the Ice-world fiction,taking Doblin's Berge Meere und Giganten as a case to interpret the unique dystopian reflection of this work that only has the appearance of an Ice-world novel.