摘要
代表是宪法概念的预设逻辑前提。基于代表理论,宪法学完成了现代国家主权论证和国家机构规范体系的建构。西方代表理论中的代表概念经历了从“作为统一人格体链条的代表”向“作为民主正当性链条的代表”的演进过程,西方代表理论因之呈现形式代表论和实质代表论两种基本理论构造,塑造了纯粹代表制和半代表制两种基本制度形态,蕴含了代表制鸿沟和代表关系再生产两重基本逻辑。中国式代表制建立在马克思主义代表理论基础上,创造性发展出以人民代表大会制度为主要载体的全过程人民民主这种新型代表理论。中国式代表制与西方代议制民主在宪法构造上存在根本差异:后者建立在代表制鸿沟的基础上,将民主理解为一种摆脱不了周期性集会的代表场景;前者则发展出有机民主观,将民主作为认识现代政治生活本质的一般框架,为理解和发展人类代表理论提供了另一种视角。
Representation is a presupposed logical premise of constitutional concepts.Based on the theory of representation,constitutional law completes the argumentation of modern national sovereignty and the construction of the normative system of state institutions.In the Western representation theory,the concept of representation has evolved from"representation as a chain of unified personalities"to"representation as a chain of democratic legitimacy".Consequently,the Western representation theory presents two basic theoretical structures of formal representation and substantive representation,shaping two basic institutional forms of pure representation and semi-representation,which embody the dual basic logic of the representation gap and the reproduction of representation relations.China has established the Chinese-style representation system based on Marxist representation theory and creatively developed a new representation theory characterized by the whole-process people's democracy,with the people's congress system as its main carrier.The Chinese-style representation system fundamentally differs from the Western representative democracy in the constitutional structure,that is,the latter is based on the representation gap,understanding democracy as a representative scenario inextricably linked to periodic assemblies,while the former develops an organic view of democracy,seeing democracy as a general framework for understanding the essence of modern political life,thus offering another perspective of comprehending and developing representation theory for all mankind.
出处
《法学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第4期21-38,共18页
Chinese Journal of Law
基金
2023年度国家社科基金一般项目“中国共产党的宪法观研究”(23BFX001)的阶段性成果。
关键词
代表制
代议制民主
人民代表大会制度
全过程人民民主
representation system
representative democracy
people's congress system
wholeprocess people's democracy