成为“公众科学家”——学院型公众科学的实现

Becoming A Citizen Scientist:The Realization of Collegial Citizen Science

学院型公众科学是公众主导的研究活动,它是公众科学实践中的一类特殊形式,具有推动科学民主化、塑造创新生态方面的潜力。已有研究倾向关注科学家主导的公众科学活动,尚未回答“如何实现学院型公众科学?”在提出学院型公众科学定义的基础上,指出“DIY文化向科学领域的渗透”和“公众参与科学向上游的延伸”是其形成的重要实践源头;在此基础上,将其分类为享乐化公众科学和解题化公众科学。进而,指出学院科学和后学院科学的失灵为学院型公众科学留出发展空间,分析了公众科学家克服知识鸿沟、获取研究资源的主要策略。最后,讨论了学院型公众科学在知识生产体系中的特殊位置,有可能成为科技创新的策源地和负责任创新的实践路径。

Collegial citizen science(CS)is a kind of citizen science practice,which has the potential to promote the democratization of science and shape the innovation ecology.Research has tended to focus on scientist-led citizen science activities,but have not yet answered the question “How to achieve collegial citizen science”.On the basis of proposing the definition,it is pointed out that “the infiltration of DIY culture into the scientific field” and “the extension of public participation in science upstream” constitute two important sources of practice,which subdivided into hedonizing CS and problem-solving CS.Furthermore,it points out that the academic market failure of academic science and post-academic science has left room for the development of collegial citizen science,and analyzes the main strategies of citizen scientists to overcome the knowledge gap and obtain research resources.Finally,this paper points the special position of collegial citizen science in the knowledge production system,which can become the reservoir of S&T innovation and the practice path of responsible innovation.