公众物质化参与:以参与装置为中心的社会实验

Public Material Participation:Social Experiment Centered on Engaging Devices

传统民主政治理论将公众参与的范围局限于人类的理论和话语能力,而忽视了公众参与的物质层面。相比之下,STS的“实践转向”和“参与转向”关注到物质实体被赋予政治能力的过程以及由此产生的政治影响,但也只是停留在一种经验化的物质政治模式。鉴于此,马雷斯提出一种直接借助由物质实体、技术和环境所组成的参与装置来运作的公众物质化参与,从而在尊重公众话语参与能力的前提下,聚焦于公众日常的物质实践,最终突出参与装置作为民主政治参与者的显在作用及其内含地规范性力量。因此,公众物质化参与推动了公众参与的重新分配和参与空间的再组织,从而实现了公众参与由经验化向实验化的过渡,这为促发更多可行性的实践方案建立了理论前提。

Traditional theories of democratic politics limit the scope of public participation to the theoretical and discursive capacities of human beings,ignoring the material dimensions of public participation.In contrast,STS “Practice Turn” and “Participation Turn” focus on the processes by which material entities are endowed with political capacities and the political implications thereof,but only in an empirical model of material politics.In view of this,Marres proposes a kind of material participation that operates directly through engaging devices composed of material entities,technologies,and environments,thus focusing on the public's everyday material practices while respecting the public's ability to participate in discourse,and ultimately highlighting the visible role of engaging devices as participants in democratic politics and their inherent normative power.Material participation promotes the redistribution of public participation and the reorganization of participatory space,thus realizing the transition from empirical to experimental public participation,which establishes the theoretical premise for the development of more feasible practical solutions.