作为数字基础设施的个人数据账户及其制度实现

Personal Data Account as Digital Infrastructure and its Legal Realization

在以平台为数字基础设施的数据再生产格局下,个人数据在流通交易、收益分配等方面皆面临困境。这些问题的解决需要数字基础设施从平台向个人数据账户转型。通过个人数据账户,个人可以对源于其自身的跨平台数据进行整合、管理和交易,最终形成以个人为中心的数据交易市场。在平台作为数字基础设施的情况下,个人数据收益被全部分配给平台,这既不符合宪法精神,也不符合分配正义。将个人数据账户作为数字基础设施可以改变这种状况,实现数据收益的合理分配。在确定个人数据账户系统的适用范围时,应当区分数据资源和数据产品,后者不适用该系统。对于个人数据账户系统中个人与数据购买者的数据提供合同,同意撤回权不再适用。

Under the data reproduction pattern of platforms as digital infrastructure,there are problems with the circulation and trading of personal data,the distribution of benefits and the allocation of rights.The solution to these problems requires the transformation of digital infrastructure from platforms to personal data accounts.Through personal data account system,individuals can integrate,manage and trade their own cross-platform data,and eventually form an individual-centered data trading market.In the case of platforms as a data reproduction infrastructure,personal data gains are allotted to platforms,which is neither in line with the spirit of the Constitution nor with distributive justice.Replacing platforms with personal data account systems can change this situation and achieve a reasonable distribution of data benefits between platforms and individuals.In determining the scope of application of the personal data account system,a distinction should be made between data resources and data products,with the latter being excluded from the system.For data provision contracts between individuals and data purchasers in the personal data account system,the right of withdrawal of consent in the personal data protection law is no longer applicable.