高原地区儿童慢性咳嗽过敏原分布特点分析

Analysis of the Distribution Characteristics of Allergens in Children with Chronic Cough in Plateau Areas

目的:分析高原地区儿童慢性咳嗽过敏原在不同性别、年龄、海拔及民族中的分布特点。方法:收集2020年1月—2022年12月在青海省妇女儿童医院住院治疗的慢性咳嗽患儿260例,其中147例行总过敏原(TIgE)及特异性过敏原(SIgE)检测吸入性和食入性过敏原项目。统计并比较不同性别、年龄、海拔、民族间慢性咳嗽患儿过敏原分布情况。结果:147例高原地区慢性咳嗽患儿中,133例(90.48%)TIgE阳性,鸡蛋、牛奶、牛羊肉是主要过敏原,不同性别SIgE阳性率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。学龄期组患儿鸡蛋牛奶组合SIgE阳性率低于婴幼儿组、学龄前组(P<0.05)。非藏族组患儿牛奶鸡蛋组合SIgE阳性率高于藏族组患儿(P<0.05)。居住地海拔<3 000 m组患儿鸡蛋牛奶组合SIgE阳性率高于居住地海拔≥3 000 m组患儿(P<0.05)。结论:高原地区慢性咳嗽患儿过敏原分布与年龄、民族及海拔存在相关性,及时检测患儿过敏原并采取早期干预,可预防和减少慢性咳嗽的发病。

Objective:This paper aims to analyze the distribution characteristics of allergens in different genders,ages,altitudes,and ethnic groups in children with chronic cough in plateau areas.Methods:260 children with chronic cough who were hospitalized at Women and Children's Hospital of Qinghai from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected,of whom 147 were tested for total allergen IgE(TIgE)and specific allergen(SIgE)for inhalation and ingestion allergens,then to compare the distribution of allergens in children with chronic cough in different genders,ages,altitudes,and ethnic groups.Results:Among 147 children with chronic cough in plateau areas,133 cases(90.48%)were positive for TIgE of allergens,with eggs,milk,beef and mutton being the main allergens,and SIgE positive rates were no statistically significant difference among different genders(P>0.05).The positive rate of egg milk combination SIgE in school-age children was lower than that in the infant and preschool groups(P<0.05).The positive rate of SIgE in non Tibetan children with milk-egg combination was significantly higher than that in Tibetan children(P<0.05).The positive rate of SIgE in the egg-milk combination of children living at an altitude of less than 3 o00 m was higher than that in the group living at an altitude of≥3000 m(P<0.05).Conclusion:The distribution of allergens in children with chronic cough in plateau areas is correlated with age,ethnicity,and altitude.Timely detection of allergens and early intervention can prevent and reduce the incidence of chronic cough.