马克思技术与社会辩证关系思想及其智能时代的价值探究

Marx's Thought on the Dialectical Relationship between Technology and Society and the Value Exploration of the Age of Intelligence

技术与社会相统一思想是马克思技术理论重要的组成部分。马克思运用历史唯物主义方法分析了简单协作时期、工场生产时期和机器大工业时期的技术进步与历史发展关系,揭示了不同分工形式下技术的特征与功能。在资本主义社会阶段,机器技术促进了生产力的发展,对人类社会起到了推动作用。但是,机器技术也被置于资本主义生产关系体系下,机器成为资本主义资本增殖的工具。机器的资本主义应用造成了资产阶级与无产阶级的经济对立,提高了工人劳动强度,加强了对工人的残酷剥削,也带来了人与自然关系紧张等一系列社会问题。马克思的技术思想揭示了资本主义私有制是技术与社会产生矛盾的根本原因,这为智能时代如何理性对待技术与社会的关系,并且以技术为人服务的原则发展人工智能技术提供了价值启示。

The idea of unifying technology and society is an essential aspect of Marx's theory of technology. Marx used the method of historical materialism to analyze the relationship between technological progress and historical development in the period of simple cooperation, factory production, and largescale machine industry. He revealed the characteristics and functions of technology in different forms of division of labor. In capitalist society, machine technology has facilitated the advancement of productive forces and played a role in promoting human society. However, machine technology is also subordinated to the capitalist system of production relations, with machines becoming tools for capital accumulation by capitalists. The capitalist utilization of machines has led to economic antagonism between the bourgeoisie and proletariat, increased labor intensity for workers, intensified cruel exploitation, and resulted in various social problems such as tensions between humanity and nature.Marx's technical thinking reveals that capitalist private ownership is the fundamental cause behind the contradiction between technology and society. This provides valuable insights on how to rationally address the relationship between technology and society in an era dominated by artificial intelligence while developing AI based on principles that serve humanity.