历史主义与历史虚无主义关系辨析——从哲学与历史的双重视角

Analysis of the Relationship between Historicism and Historical Nihilism--From the Dual Perspectives of Philosophy and History

哲学中的历史主义拒斥超时空的一般化价值,经由相对主义造成价值虚无主义与历史虚无主义。在历史学科中,翦伯赞等人的历史主义作为一种抵制历史虚无主义的方法而存在。两种学科中有关历史主义与虚无主义关系的矛盾和张力并不真正存在。自历史主义诞生起,哲学与历史就紧密结合在以兰克为代表的历史主义者的思想中。历史事实的多变性、易变性是概念、范畴相对化的原因,历史学中的历史主义方法可能造成其反面——历史虚无主义——的后果,哲学中的虚无主义由此成为了历史学中历史主义在哲学上的论证。马克思主义也分有了历史主义的方法,但并没有陷入相对主义,马克思恩格斯在资本逻辑中看到了虚无的根源与抵制虚无的根本力量。中国式现代化与人类文明新形态的创造是在实践高度上对历史虚无主义的抵制与克服。

Historicism in philosophy rejects the generalized value of transcending time and space, and causes value nihilism and historical nihilism through relativism. In the discipline of history, Jian Bozan's historicism exists as a method to oppose historical nihilism. The tension and contradiction of historical nihilism in the two disciplines do not actually exist. Since the birth of historicism, philosophy and history have been closely integrated in the thoughts of historians represented by Ranke. The method of historicism in historical research may lead to consequences opposite to its intention-historical nihilism. Nihilism in philosophy has thus become a philosophical argument for historicism in history. Marxism also has the method of historicismbut does not fall into relativism. Marx and Engels identified the root cause of nihilismand found resistance against it within the logic of capital.The Chinese-style Modernization and new forms of human civilization serve as practical means to resist and overcome historical nihilismin.