《兰亭集诗》中的“道·自然·人”

Tao, Nature and Man in Rantei Collection of Poems

两晋玄风独振,时人作诗亦崇盛谈玄论道,后世文学评论受檀道鸾《续晋阳秋》、沈约《宋书·谢灵运传》、刘勰《文心雕龙·明诗》、钟嵘《诗品序》等一系列论述的影响,谈玄言诗往往推重孙绰、许询,而忽视《兰亭集诗》及其成就。事实上,《兰亭集诗》不仅将玄言诗创作推向了高峰,还是开启山水田园诗时代的关键。孙、许二人重在“道·人”关系的阐释,关注人如何合道,《兰亭集诗》则在由道及人的过程中融入了山水,关注“道·自然·人”之间的多维互动,同时也推动了玄言诗向山水田园诗的过渡。

The metaphysical thoughts flourished in the Jin Dynasty, and people of that time worshipped the metaphysical thoughts and discussed Tao. Later literary critics were influenced by a series of discussions such as Tan Daoluan's Continued Jin Yangqiu, Shen Yue's biography of Xie Lingyun, Liu Xie's The Heart of Literature and the Carving of Dragon and Zhong Rong's Poetry and so on. These discussions often emphasized Sun Chuo and Xu Xun when discussing metaphysical poetry while ignoring the achievements of Rantei Collection of Poems. In fact, Rantei Collection of Poems not only pushed the creation of metaphysical poetry to the peak but also opened the door to the era of landscape idyllic poetry. Sun and Xu focused on the interpreting the relationship between Tao and man, emphasizing how man could integrate with Tao. Rantei collection of poems integrated landscape into the process involving Tao and man while paying attention to the multi-dimensional interaction among Tao, Nature, and Man. It also promoted a transition from metaphysical poetry to landscape idyllic poetry.