2013—2022年河池市流行性感冒流行特征分析

Epidemiological characterization of influenza in Hechi City from 2013 to 2022

目的了解河池市流行性感冒(influenza,简称流感)流行病学特征,为流感预防控制策略的制订和调整提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学分析方法对2013—2022年河池市流感报告病例进行分析。结果流感病例数共22365例,发病率为64.36/10万,死亡1例,不同年份的发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=31873.10、P=0.001,P<0.05);有明显的季节性,5—7月、11月至次年1月为发病高峰;大化县流感病例数最多,有6372例,发病率172.12/10万;男、女病例数性别比为1.19∶1,性别差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=88.81、P=0.001,P<0.05);>3~7岁组人群发病率最高,为229.71/10万,各年龄组发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=38309.36、P=0.001,P<0.05);病例主要集中在学生群体,有11145例,占49.83%;初中报告暴发疫情共24起;各类人群接种的流行性感冒疫苗(简称流感疫苗)平均报告接种率仅1.06%,同一年份不同年龄段的疫苗接种率差异均有统计学意义。结论河池市流感的发病数和发病率均有上升,且有季节性、地区性和集中0~19岁人群等特点,须加强重点人群流感疫苗的接种,并在学校和托幼等机构加强流感宣传和教育,落实防控措施。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Hechi City from 2013 to 2022,providing basis for the development and adjustment of influenza prevention and control strategies.Method Descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze influenza cases in Hechi City.Results The number of influenza cases totaled 22365 cases,with a incidence rate of 64.36/100000 and one death.There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence rate in different years(χ^(2)=31873.10,P=0.001,P<0.05);there was a clear seasonality,with the peak incidence at May-July and November-January;Dahua County has the largest number of influenza cases,6372 cases,with a morbidity rate of 172.12/100000;the gender ratio of male to female cases is 1.19:1,and the gender difference is statistically significant(χ^(2)=88.81,P=0.001,P<0.05);>3~7 years old group has the highest incidence rate of 229.71/100,000.cases are mainly concentrated in the student group,there are 11,145 cases,accounting for 49.83%;middle schools reported a total of 24 outbreaks;the average reported vaccination rate of influenza vaccine for all types of populations was only 1.06%,and the differences in vaccination rates for different age groups in the same year were statistically significant.Conclusion The number of affected individuals and incidence rate of influenza in Hechi City have risen,and the cases were seasonal,regional,and concentrated among people aged O~19 year olds.It is necessary to strengthen the vaccination of influenza vaccine for key populations and carry out influenza education in schools,kindergartens and other institutions,and to implement preventive and control measures.