介导疫苗递送的可溶性微针制备技术相关研究进展

Advancements of dissolving microneedles technic for vaccine delivery

微针(microneedles, MNs)由具有纳米级别针头的微型阵列组成,能够将疫苗输送至皮下,在诱导细胞产生强烈免疫应答的同时不损害神经和血管,避免产生疼痛,是有潜力的经皮免疫技术。MNs由针尖与基底组成,种类包括固体微针(solid microneedles, SMNs)、涂层微针(coated microneedles, CMNs)、可溶性微针(dissolving microneedles, DMNs)等。其中,DMNs由可生物降解的聚合物在模具中干燥制成,整根针均可负载药物。将DMNs施用于皮肤,针头能够完全溶解于体内释放封装的抗原,且无利器残留,具有广阔的发展前景。现就能够介导疫苗递送的可溶性微针的结构、制作材料与方法等作一概述。

Microneedle arrays have been a promising transdermal vaccination technology that can deliver vaccines subcutaneously,eliciting potent cellular immune response without damaging nerves and blood vessels.Microneedles(MNs),consisting of nanoscale needle-tips and supporting bases,can be broadly classified into several types:solid microneedles(SMNs),coated microneedles(CMNs),dissolving microneedles(DMNs)and so on.Among them,DMNs show a considerable development prospect.This type of device is made from biodegradable polymers dried in molds,thus has superior drug loading capabilities relative to other platforms.CMNs-based vaccines show advantages of complete antigen delivery without wasting of drugs,as well as no sharp biohazardous waste generated.This article reviews the structure,fabrication materials and preparation methods of DMNs used for vaccine delivery.