基础学科拔尖创新人才选育一体化的政策探索——基于政策群理论的分析

The Policy Exploration on the Integration of Selection and Cultivation of Top-notch Innovative Talents in Basic Disciplines:an Analysis Based on the Policy Package Theory

加强基础研究人才的自主培养是新时代推进教育、科技、人才一体化统筹推进的重要任务,对于进一步推进基础学科拔尖创新人才的选拔与培养一体化提出了更高的要求。基于“政策群”理论,对1978年以来的相关政策进行文本分析,有如下研究发现。就纵向历时性而言,基础学科拔尖创新人才政策群的历时性演进过程可分为探索阶段(1978—2008年)、奠基阶段(2009—2017年)、形成阶段(2018—至今)。就横向共时性而言,少年班、“基地班“”自主招生“”拔尖计划“”英才计划“”强基计划”政策群内部不同政策之间的结构关系是同属于选拔培育基础学科拔尖创新人才“根政策”的不同“母政策”。在此基础上,从政策理念同源性以及“选拔”和“培养”的两个主要政策理念出发,发现该政策群存在松散的耦合性,然而其中也存在政出多门、政策重叠等问题与风险,需要进一步加强有关政策效率的评估,并建立宏观的沟通渠道与合作机制,加强选拔与培养的科学性,从而构建从中学到大学的一体化选育模式。

Enhancing the independent cultivation of talents in basic research is a significant task for advancing the integrated promotion of education,science,and technology in the new era.This requires optimizing the integration of selection and cultivation of top-notch innovative talents.Based on the policy package theory,this paper analyses China's relevant policies since 1978.Research findings are as follows.Regarding the vertical diachronicity,the diachronic evolution process of the policy packages for top-notch innovative talents in basic disciplines can be divided into 3 stages:the exploration stage(1978-2008),the foundation stage(2009-2017),and the formation stage(2018-2022).In terms of horizontal synchronicity,the structural relationships within policy packages among different policies such as"Shaonian Ban"(Young Scientist Education Plan),"Base Class","Independent Enrollment","Top-notch Talent Plan","Yingcai Jihua"(Elite Young Scientist Cultivation Plan),and"Basic Sciences Strengthening Plan"are different"mother policies"belonging to the same"root policy"of selecting and cultivating top innovative talents in basic disciplines.Hence,based on the homology of policy concepts and the two main policy concepts of"selection"and"cultivation",it is found that the policy package has loose coupling,but there are also problems and risks such as multiple policies and overlapping policies.It is necessary to further strengthen the evaluation of policy efficiency,establish macro-communication channels and cooperation mechanisms,and enhance the scientific nature of selection and cultivation,so as to construct an integrated selection and cultivation model spanning from middle school to university.