复杂视角下乡村旅游地农户可持续生计组态影响研究——以成都市幸福村为例

Configuration Influencing Mechanisms of Farmers'Sustainable Livelihoods in Rural Tourism Destinations from Complex Perspectives:A Case Study of Xingfu Village in Chengdu

乡村旅游地农户可持续生计是一个多元因素共同作用的复杂系统,其组态影响研究对于转变当前研究的简单线性思维、深化推动农户生计可持续发展和全面推进乡村振兴具有重要意义。文章基于社会-生态系统理论构建组态影响理论模型,以成都市典型乡村旅游地幸福村的农户为案例,应用模糊集定性比较分析法探究复杂视角下乡村旅游地农户可持续生计组态影响,以揭示农户可持续生计发展背后更为深刻的效应机理。研究发现:1)乡村旅游地农户可持续生计受经济、社会、生态等外因与内因的组态影响,单一因素难以构成影响乡村旅游地农户可持续生计的必要条件,内生动力、旅游产业、土地利用、政策制度、社区治理和自然环境是组态路径中的6大核心影响因素;2)乡村旅游地农户可持续生计组态路径包括4类正向驱动路径和3类负向抑制路径,同向组态路径彼此等价且条件之间具有互补和替代关系,异向组态路径间具有因果关系的非对称性;3)乡村旅游地农户可持续生计多重并发路径的形成受旅游区位和主客观条件的影响。最后基于研究发现提出管理启示,旨在为乡村旅游地农户可持续生计影响机制研究提供复杂组态思路和借鉴。

The sustainable livelihood of farmers in rural tourism destinations is a complex system with multiple factors acting together,so the research on its configuration impact is of great significance for changing the simple linear thinking of current research,deepening the promotion of sustainable development of farmers"livelihoods"and comprehensively promoting rural revitalization.Based on the social-ecological system theory,this article constructs a theoretical model of configuration effects and takes the farmers of Xingfu village for examples,then applies fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA)to investigate the configuration effects of farmers'sustainable livelihoods in rural tourism destinations,in order to reveal the more profound effect mechanism behind the sustainable livelihood development of farmers.The study found that:1)farmers'sustainable livelihoods in rural tourism destinations are influenced by both internal factors and three major external factors of economic,social,and ecological factors,and it is difficult for a single factor to constitute the necessary conditions for the sustainable livelihood of farmers in rural tourism destinations.Endogenous power,tourism industry,land use,policy system,community governance and the natural environment are the six core influences in the configuration paths.2)There are four types of positive driving paths and three types of negative inhibiting paths for farmers'sustainable livelihoods in rural tourism destinations.The homogeneous paths are equivalent to each other and have complementary and substitution relationships between conditions,while the heterogeneous paths have asymmetric causal relationships.3)The formation of multiple concurrent paths for farmers'sustainable livelihoods in rural tourism destinations is influenced by the tourism location,subjective and objective conditions.Based on the findings of the study,management insights are finally presented,aiming to provide a complex grouping of ideas and lessons for the study of the mechanisms affecting farmers'sustainable livelihoods in rural tourism destinations.