表演理论视域下乡村旅游者的类型及表演风格研究——以西江千户苗寨为例

Research on the Performance Style of Rural Tourists from the Perspective of Performance Theory:Taking Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village as an Example

旅游表演理论通过引入戏剧学语言,为解读游客体验提供了全新的研究视角,并逐渐为旅游学界所关注。文章以贵州西江千户苗寨为案例地,借助表演理论分析乡村旅游者的表演风格问题。研究发现,伴随着各种现代性要素的增长,旅游者试图努力挣脱现代性所造成的精神世界坍塌,努力通过旅游活动重新审视本真的存在;旅游体验过程中,旅游者的表演风格呈现出漫不经心者、旁观者、他人角色扮演者、文化粉、情境演员、镜中人、怀旧者、流浪人和神职者9种类型;日常生活世界与旅游世界并不能完全割裂看待,双方存在相互作用,穿梭于其中的旅游者需要实现心境上的跨越,从旅游伊始时的观看,到旅游结束时的自我照映,在整个旅游活动中,角色的扮演亦会发生流动与改变。据此,文章构建旅游者表演风格模型,以期在理论与实践层面为乡村旅游目的地建设提供指导。

In the current urban-rural dual society in China,rural areas fulfil residents'longing for rural life and are often the"distant places"where people live poetically.The uniqueness and importance of rural tourism are increasingly reflected in this context,and academic research on rural tourism is increasing.From the perspective of the tourism experience,this study provides important analytical ideas to understand the difficulties of a lack of sustained attractiveness in the development of rural tourism.Experience serves as the core of research in the tourism disciplines.It is crucial to adopt the perspective of the tourist experience to identify the differences and connections between the tourism experience and everyday life.Notably,tourists'expectations may not always align with their actual perceived experience.This is especially true in the context of globalization,where the boundaries of various relationships,such as host-guest relationships and relationships between different regions,become blurred.Therefore,scholars should approach creation and transformation within these relationships from diversified perspectives."Performance"can serve as a pertinent entry point for these diversified perspectives.This paper takes Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village as a case study and adopts performance theory to analyse the performance style of rural tourists.The results show that with an increase in various elements of modernity,tourists are attempting to escape the collapse of the spiritual world caused by modernity and are striving to re-examine authentic existence through tourism activities.By selecting performance skills and authentic existence as the analytical dimensions,this study shows that during the tourism experience,tourists'performance styles can be classified into nine types:carefree person,bystander,a role-player of others,a lover of culture,situational actor,man in the mirror,nostalgist,wanderer,and ecclesiastic.In addition,as the everyday life-world and the tourism world cannot be completely separated,there is interaction between them.Therefore,tourists who travel between the two worlds need to achieve a leap in their mindset from observing at the beginning of the trip to reflecting on themselves at the end.Throughout the entire tourism activity,role-playing flows and changes.These changes highlight the impact and role of tourism activities and tourists'performance behaviours on the everyday life-world.In terms of theoretical contributions,this study enriches the application of performance theory in research on the tourism experience and provides a new theoretical interpretive framework for the analysis of tourists'experience.In terms of practical applications,this study can provide scientific guidance for the creation and establishment of rural tourism theatres as well as the planning and design of rural tourism cultural products.This may prevent the gradual disappearance of long-accumulated positive cultural product forms in rural areas with the development of modern society.