基于情境实验的红色旅游恢复性效益及其影响因素分析——以延安革命纪念馆为例

Analysis of Restorative Benefits of Red Tourism and Their Influencing Factors Based on Situational Experiment:A Case Study of the Yan'an Revolutionary Memorial Hall

红色旅游在我国近年来发展迅速,吸引了众多游客。社会效益是红色旅游的重要功能之一,如何拓展红色旅游的社会功能属性,推动红色旅游体验转型升级,是红色旅游发展中的重要问题。文章以注意力恢复理论为基础,采用情境实验法,运用调查问卷和便携式生理设备获取心理生理多维数据,探究红色旅游目的地环境恢复性潜力以及红色旅游对游客恢复性体验的影响。研究发现如下。1)和其他旅游相比较,反思是红色旅游为游客带来的更深刻的恢复性效益。2)红色旅游和其他旅游都可以给游客带来心理和生理层面的恢复性效益。心理层面具体表现为舒缓压力、情感体验中愉悦度的提升与唤醒度的降低、注意力恢复等;生理层面具体表现为脉率值、皮肤电导水平、肌电均方根的降低。3)个人偏好在红色旅游情境和游客自我反思之间发挥显著的调节作用。该研究探索了红色旅游情境下的旅游恢复性,丰富了注意力恢复理论,为红色旅游社会效益提升提供了新思路和新方向。

In recent years,red tourism has developed rapidly and attracted many tourists.Social benefits are one of the most important functions of red tourism.By exploring the social benefits of tourism rather than just focusing on its economic value,we can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the essence of tourism and the profound significance it brings to tourists.Therefore,how to expand the social functional attributes of red tourism and promote the transformation and upgrading of red tourism experience is an important issue in the development of red tourism.Based on the attention restoration theory,this study adopts a situational experiment method and uses questionnaires and portable physiological devices to obtain multi-dimensional psychophysiological data to explore the environmental restorative potential of red tourism destinations and the impact of red tourism on tourists'restorative experiences.The study finds as foliowing.1)Compared with other types of tourism,reflection is a more profound restorative benefit that red tourism brings to tourists.The reason for this may be that ordinary tourism is mostly hedonistic and focuses on stimulating positive emotions in tourists.However,red tourism may stimulate negative emotions in tourists.Although negative emotions may bring discomfort to tourists in a short period of time,they can also serve as a catalyst for tourists'self-reflection,triggering tourists to think about themselves and the world,and ultimately helping tourists to realize deep recovery.2)Both red and other types of tourism can bring restorative benefits to tourists at both psychological and physiological levels.On the psychological level,these benefits include stress relief,enhanced pleasure and decreased arousal in emotional experiences,and attention restoration.At the physiological level,they are manifested in reduced pulse rate,lower skin conductance levels,and decreased electromyographic root mean square values.However,ordinary tourism can help tourists relieve stress and improve mood better than red tourism.3)Personal preferences play a significant moderating role between red tourism situations and tourists'self-reflection.In the red tourism situation,tourists with a higher preference for the environment tend to have more lasting and profound reflections than those with a lower preference for the environment.However,in the ordinary tourism situation,whether the personal preference of tourists is high or low,the possibility of reflection is not high.The study explores the restorative effects of red tourism,enriches the attention restoration theory,and provides new ideas and directions for improving the social effects of red tourism.