我国幼儿体育活动的游戏元素探析及其应用路径研究

Gamification Elements and Application Paths of Children's Physical Activities

游戏元素是游戏化的操作工具与具体抓手,探讨幼儿体育活动的游戏元素及其应用路径,对优化幼儿体育活动实践、提升幼儿体育活动质量具有重要意义。研究运用扎根理论法对100篇经典体育游戏案例、300篇体育教学活动文本,以及60个优秀体育教学活动视频进行分析,旨在提炼幼儿体育活动的游戏元素,并探析游戏元素在幼儿体育活动中的应用路径。幼儿体育活动的游戏元素由5个动力元素、14个推进元素,以及45个组件元素三层级指标所构成,这三级指标由内向外,由抽象到具体形成了“三圈”游戏元素体系。2)在游戏化过程中游戏元素的使用存在着年龄效应,遵循年龄特点使用游戏元素,是保障幼儿体育活动游戏化成效的重要举措;3)幼儿体育活动游戏元素的应用主要有联结、自主、胜任等3条支持路径。这3条路径既有重点支持,也有为其他需要所提供的不同程度的支持交融,为幼儿体育活动游戏化实现提供了切实可行的操作思路与方法。

Game elements are the operational tools and specific means of gamification.Exploring the game elements and their application paths in children's sports activities is of great significance to optimize the practice and improve the quality of children's sports activities.The paper analyzed 100 classic sports game cases,300 texts of sports teaching activities,and 60 videos of excellent sports teaching activities,aiming to extract the game elements of children's sports activities and explore their application paths in children's sports activities.The study shows that:1)The game elements of children's sports activities are composed of three levels of indicators,including 5 dynamic elements,14 propulsion elements,and 45 component elements,constituting the"three-circle"game elements system;2)There is an age effect in the use of game elements in the process of gamification.Using game elements according to the age characteristics is an important measure to ensure the gamification effect of children's sports activities;3)The application of children's sports activities and game elements mainly includes three supporting paths of connection,autonomy and competence.These three paths not only provide focused support,but also varying degrees of support for other needs,which provides practical operational paths and methods for the realization of gamification in children's sports activities.