中国传统养生调息的演进、特征、价值与异同

The Evolution,Characteristics,Value and Similarities and Differences of Traditional Health Preservation and Respiration Adjustment in Different Cultural Systems in China

运用文献资料、逻辑分析等研究方法,探究中国传统养生调息的历史演进、基本特征、实践价值,并对其异同进行辨析。研究认为,中国传统养生调息在不同文化体系影响下大致演化为了儒家调息、道家调息、佛家调息、医家调息和导引调息5种生命修炼方式。其基本特征主要表现为平平常常的儒家特征、要求详尽的道家特征、次第分明的佛家特征、辨证施息的医家特征、衔接形意的导引特征。实践价值则分别呈现变化气质的为学之道、神气相注的生命之道、止息妄念的为禅之道、祛病延年的为医之道、静心凝神的导引之道。相同点在于“下手功夫”的价值定位和“心性和合”的内在旨归;不同点在于调息的基本方式和基本宗旨。

Using literature review,logical analysis and other methods,this paper studies the historical evolution,basic characteristics and practical value of Chinese traditional health and respiration,and distinguishes the similarities and differences.The study suggests that,under the influence of different cultural systems,the Chinese traditional health preservation and respiration has roughly evolved into five life cultivation methods:Confucianism respiration,Taoism respiration,Buddhism respiration,respiration of traditional Chinese medicine and respiration of Chinese traditional sport health preservation.Its basic features are the Confucian characteristic of"ordinary",Taoist characteristic of"detailed",Buddhist characteristic of"clear second and first",medical characteristic of"differentiation of syndrome and practice of interest",and Chinese traditional sport health preservation characteristic of"connecting form and mind".The practical value is"changing temperament"as the way of learning,"focusing on the spirit"as the way of life,"putting off deluding oneself"as the way of Zen,"vent disease and prolong life"as the way of medical treatment,and Chinese traditional sport health preservation way of"meditation and concentration".The similarities lie in the value orientation of"the ability to start"and the intrinsic purpose of"harmony of mind and nature";the differences lie in the basic way and the basic purpose of adjusting interest.