一步法与二步法超声引导经皮肝穿刺肝总管置管引流术在晚期低位胆道梗阻的疗效及并发症分析

Efficacy and complications of one-step and two-step percutaneous transhepatic drainage in the treatment of advanced low-level biliary obstruction

目的探究一步法与二步法超声引导经皮肝穿刺肝总管置管引流术(percutaneous transhepatic hepatic duct drainage,PTHD)治疗晚期低位胆道梗阻的疗效。方法2019年1月~2023年7月于本院接受姑息性穿刺减黄手术治疗的晚期低位胆道梗阻病人112例,采用随机数字表法分为两组,一步组56例,采用一步法PTHD手术;二步组56例,采用二步法PTHD手术。比较两组病人手术相关指标、术前及术后3天血清总胆红素(TBIL)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、术后并发症发生情况及病人满意度。结果一步组术中出血量为(2.96±0.50)ml,与二步组的(3.02±0.53)ml比较,差异无统计学意义,术后48小时引流量分别为(555.84±90.51)ml和(560.52±104.23)ml,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);一步组手术时间为(32.50±4.26)分钟,术后VAS评分为(3.72±1.57)分,二步组分别为(36.43±3.58)分钟和(4.53±1.34)分,穿刺成功率分别为96.43%和76.69%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后两组病人TBIL、ALP、ALT水平较术前均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但一步组与二步组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组并发症发生率分别为3.57%和7.14%,差异无统计学意义(Fisher精确概率=0.679);一步组病人的满意度显著高于二步组病人(94.64%vs.75.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论一步法PTHD术操作时间更短且穿刺成功率更高,病人疼痛较轻,可显著提高病人满意度。

Objective To investigate the efficacy and complications of one-step and two-step ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic hepatic duct drainage(PTHD)in the treatment of advanced low-level biliary obstruction.Methods A total of 112 patients with advanced low-level biliary obstruction who underwent palliative surgery for reducing jaundice in the hospital from January 2019 to July 2023 were selected,and divided into the one-step group and the two-step group according to the principle of complete randomization(grouped by random number table method).The one-step group(n=56)underwent one-step PTHD,while the two-step group(n=56)underwent two-step PTHD.Surgery related indicators,serum total bilirubin(TBIL),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),alanine transaminase(ALT),the incidence of postoperative complications,and satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results There was no difference in intraoperative blood loss[(2.96±0.50)ml vs.(3.02±0.53)ml],drainage volume in 48 hours after surgery[(555.84±90.51)ml vs.(560.52±104.23)ml]between the two groups(P>0.05).Operation time and postoperative VAS score of the one-step group were significantly shorter/lower than those of the two-step group[(32.50±4.26)min vs.(36.43±3.58)min,(3.72±1.57)points vs.(4.53±1.34)points],and the success rate of puncture was significantly higher than that in the two-step group(96.43%vs.76.69%),with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of TBIL,ALP and ALT in the two groups were significantly reduced(P<0.05),but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups(P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(3.57%vs.7.14%,Fisher’s exact probability=0.679).The satisfaction rate in the one-step group was significantly higher than that in the two-step group(94.64%vs.75.00%),with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion The operation time of one-step PTHD is shorter and the success rate of puncture is higher.In addition,patients undergoing one-step PTHD have milder pain,and are more satisfied.