某典型氧化铜矿物浮选行为研究

Study on Flotation Behavior of a Typical Copper Oxide Ore

典型氧化铜矿铜品位为6.37%,金属氧化物主要有赤铁矿/针铁矿/褐铁矿(纤铁矿)、孔雀石、氯铜矿等;金属硫化物主要有辉铜矿/蓝辉铜矿/铜蓝、斑铜矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿、白铁矿,微量闪锌矿、方铅矿、黝铜矿、辉砷钴矿和毒砂等;碳酸盐矿物主要有方解石和白云石,硅酸盐脉石含量较低。由铜物相分析结果可知,氧化铜中铜的占有率为25.34%,次生硫化铜中铜的占有率为72.28%。结合矿石性质,研究了捕收剂(丁铵黑药、苯并三唑及其组合)、矿浆pH、活化剂等对氧化铜矿浮选行为的影响,结果表明,在不调节矿浆pH值、无活化剂添加的条件下,单一苯并三唑对铜的捕收能力强于丁铵黑药。不添加活化剂,丁铵黑药和苯并三唑适宜在pH=9左右的矿浆中浮选铜;添加活化剂硫化钠可提高丁铵黑药和苯并三唑浮选铜的回收率;采用丁铵黑药和苯并三唑混合用药选别效果优于单一用药。在实际氧化铜矿浮选中采用丁铵黑药和苯并三唑作为捕收剂,可实现氧化铜矿和硫化铜矿一起选别,混合药剂最佳用量为600 mg/L,配比为4∶1,合适的硫化钠用量为15 mg/L,矿浆pH=9。实际矿样试验结果表明,混合药剂适宜在浮选过程中添加,浮选铜品位达到22.36%,铜回收率达到96.69%,尾矿中铜品位可降至0.31%。由此可见,采用混合用药替代单一用药可以实现铜的高效回收。

The grade of copper in a typical copper oxide ore is 6.37%.The metal oxide minerals of the ore mainly include hematite/goethite/limonite(lepidocrocite),malachite,atacmite,and so on.The metal sulfides include mainly chalcocite/azurite/covellite,bornite,chalcopyrite,pyrite,marcasite,trace sphalerite,galena,tetrahedrite,cobaltite and arsenopyrite,and so on.The carbonate minerals mainly include calcite and dolomite,and the content of silicate gangue is low.From the results of the copper phase analysis,it can be seen that the occupancy rate of copper in copper oxide is 25.34%,and the occupancy rate of copper in secondary copper sulfide is 72.28%.The effects of collectors(ammonium butyl dithiophosphate,benzotriazole and their combination),pulp pH and activator on the flotation behavior of copper oxide ore were studied in combination with the ore properties.The results show that under the conditions of not adjusting the pH value of the pulp and not adding activator,the collecting ability of single benzotriazole for copper is stronger than that of ammonium di butyl dithiophosphate.Ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate and benzotriazole are suitable for copper flotation in the pulp of pH=9 without adding activator.Sodium sulfide can improve the recovery of ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate and benzotriazole in copper flotation,and the separation effect of the mixture of them is better than that of single one.In the actual flotation of oxidized copper ore,ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate and benzotriazole are used as collectors to realize the flotation of oxidized ore and sulfide ore together.The optimum dosage of the mixed reagent is 600 mg/L,the ratio is 4:1,the suitable dosage of sodium sulfide is 15 mg/L,and the pulp pH=9.The results of the test with actual ore samples show that the new agent is suitable for mixing and adding in the process of flotation.The test results of the actual ore samples show that the mixed reagent is suitable to be added in the flotation process,the copper grade in the flotation concentrate reaches 22.36%,the copper recovery reaches 96.69%,and the copper grade in tailings can be reduced to 0.31%.It can be seen that an efficient recovery of copper can be achieved by using mixed reagent instead of single reagent.