富硒食用菌对硒的吸收转化机制及生物功能的研究进展

Research Progress on Absorption and Transformation Mechanism and Biological Function of Selenium-enriched Edible Fungi

富硒食用菌含硒多糖、硒蛋白、硒多肽等多种高生物活性成分,但因为种类、硒生物转化方式和栽培技术等因素的差异,其硒形态组成和有机硒转化率不同,使富硒食用菌表现出不同的生物活性和作用机理。因此,了解硒在食用菌内的各种存在形态,跟踪硒在食用菌内的分布、吸收和转化规律,能更有效地将硒转化为易于人体吸收且无毒的有机硒化合物。本文总结并讨论了代表性富硒食用菌中不同形态硒在总硒中的占比、不同形态硒的吸收和转化过程、总硒的阈值、富硒技术的现状以及基于该吸收转化机制和富硒技术带来的产业问题,并从免疫活性、抗肿瘤活性和抗氧化活性的角度综述了富硒食用菌中硒不同转化形态的生物功能。以期为食用菌的精准富硒调控提供参考依据,为高活性的不同形态硒的开发提供科学支撑,并提出了富硒食用菌发展的方向。

Selenium-enriched edible fungi are rich in selenium polysaccharides,selenoproteins,selenium polypeptides and other bioactive components.However,the selenium forms and organic selenium transformation rate of selenium-enriched edible fungi are affected by several factors,such as species,selenium biotransformation methods and cultivation techniques.Subsequently,edible fungi show different biological activities and mechanisms of action.Therefore,it is particularly important to study the forms,distribution,absorption and transformation of selenium in edible fungi.The paper reviews the proportion of different forms of selenium in total selenium,the process of absorption and transformation of different selenium forms,the threshold of total selenium,the present selenium-enriched technology and the industrial problems of representative selenium-enriched edible fungi.The immunological activity,antitumor activity and antioxidant activity of different selenium forms in selenium-enriched edible fungi are also discussed in this paper.This review is expected to provide a reference basis for the precise selenium enrichment of edible fungi,to serve as a scientific support for the development of highly active different forms of selenium,and to propose directions for the development of selenium-enriched edible fungi.