湘南红壤稻田经济绿肥培肥增产效果研究

Improving Effects of Economic Green Manure on Soil Fertility and Rice Yield in Paddy Fields with Red Soil in Southern Hunan

为改良湘南红壤稻作区土壤和提高农民收入,研究通过6 a定位试验,以稻—冬闲为对照,分析比较了稻—萝卜、稻—蚕豆、稻—豌豆3种模式下的水稻产量、土壤理化性质和综合经济效益。结果表明:3种经济绿肥模式下的水稻产量均有显著提升,连续种植经济绿肥可以显著提高水稻的稻谷产量和地上部生物量;3种经济绿肥模式下土壤的pH值、有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效钾含量没有显著变化,但全钾含量均显著高于对照模式;3种经济绿肥模式均能提高种植的经济效益,其中稻—蚕豆模式的综合经济效益最高。出于土壤培肥和经济效益综合考量,建议在南方红壤稻田区推广稻—蚕豆种植模式。

With the aim of improving soil and increasing farmers'income,we carried out a 6-year fixed-location experiment to explore the reasonable rice-green manure planting pattern.The rice yields,soil physical and chemical properties,and comprehensive economic benefits of rice-radish,rice-broad bean,and rice-pea planting patterns were analyzed,with rice-winter leisure as the control.The results showed that all the three planting patterns demonstrated significantly increased rice yields compared with the control.The rough rice yield and aboveground biomass were significantly increased by the continuous cultivation of green manure.Compared with the control,the three planting patterns with green manure showed significantly increased total potassium and no significant changes in the soil pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,or available potassium.The cultivation of green manure increased the economic benefit,which was the highest in the rice-broad bean pattern.Considering both farmers'income and soil fertility,the rice-broad bean pattern is recommended in the paddy fields with red soil in southern Hunan.