有机液体肥对新垦土地毛豆生长及土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Organic Liquid Fertilizer on Soybean Growth and Soil Fertility in Newly Reclaimed Land

为探讨有机液体肥在新垦耕地上对土壤肥力提升和作物增产性、抗逆性等其他效果,于去除30~40 cm表层土壤的耕地上开展施用有机液体肥对毛豆种植和土壤肥力提升试验。结果表明:(1)施用有机液体肥可增加毛豆叶片中叶绿素含量,提升光合作用,进而增加植株株高和单株有效荚数,且施用有机液体肥可显著增加新垦土地上毛豆鲜荚产量,实现理论产量10 182 kg/hm2,比对照增产21.2%;另外施用有机液体肥在增加毛豆单株粒重的同时,其完整粒率、百粒鲜重等商品性状也有显著提升。(2)施用有机液体肥可有效增加土壤中有机质含量,对改良和恢复土壤肥力有较好的促进作用。同时与原始土样对比,新垦耕地上施用有机液体肥可在一定程度上满足毛豆对土壤中速效磷和速效钾的需求,还可维系土壤中速效磷和速效钾含量在一定水平,对保护和维持土壤肥力有着积极的作用。

Field experiments were carried out to explore the effects of organic liquid fertilizer on soil fertility as well as crop yield and stress resistance in newly reclaimed land.Organic liquid fertilizer was applied in the cultivated land with the removal of 30-40 cm topsoil.The results were obtained as follows.(1)The application of organic liquid fertilizer increased the chlorophyll content in soybean leaves and promoted photosynthesis,thus increasing the plant height and effective pods per plant.Moreover,it significantly increased the yield of fresh soybean pods,achieving a theoretical yield of 10182 kg/hm2,which represented an increase of 21.2%compared with that of the control.In addition,the application of organic liquid fertilizer not only increased the seed weight per plant but also improved the commercial traits such as complete seed percentage and 100-seed fresh weight.(2)The application of organic liquid fertilizer increased the content of organic matter in soil,demonstrating the effects of improving and restoring soil fertility.Compared with that before application,the application of organic liquid fertilizer in the newly reclaimed land met the demands of soybean for available phosphorus and available potassium and maintained the levels of available phosphorus and available potassium in soil,exerting positive effects of protecting and maintaining soil fertility.