湖南农业防灾减灾能力体系建设研究

Building of an Agricultural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation System in Hunan Province

通过分析湖南气候特征、主要农业气象灾害时空分布及影响、农业防灾减灾能力体系建设存在的主要问题,结果表明:湖南农业气象灾害发生频率高,对农业生产危害最严重的是暴雨洪涝、季节性干旱,其次是低温冷(冻)害、高温热害;当前湖南在农业防灾减灾能力体系建设中存在基础设施薄弱、监测预警智慧化水平不高、应急响应保障能力不强、防灾减灾体制机制不完善、农业生产防灾技术应用不充分等问题。提出了建立健全面广长效的工程防御体系、精准实效的监测预警体系、顺畅高效的应急响应体系、多元多品的农业保险体系、适应逆境的农业生产体系、有效联动的组织管理体系等对策建议。

The climatic characteristics,the temporal-spatial distribution and impacts of major agro-meteorological disasters,and the main problems in the building of an agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation system in Hunan were analyzed.The results showed that agro-meteorological disasters occurred frequently in Hunan.Rainstorm floods and seasonal droughts posed the most serious hazards to agricultural production,followed by low-temperature(freezing)hazards and high-temperature hazards.The current agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation system in Hunan suffers from weak infrastructure,low-level intelligent monitoring and warning,poor emergency response guarantee,unsound disaster prevention and mitigation mechanism,and insufficient application of agricultural disaster prevention technologies.In view of these problems,this article puts forward the suggestions of establishing a comprehensive and long-term engineering defense system,a precise and effective monitoring and warning system,a smooth and efficient emergency response system,a diversified and multi-product agricultural insurance system,a stress-tolerant agricultural production system,and a joint management system.