2019年至2022年河南省许昌市居民心脑血管疾病监测情况分析

Analysis of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Surveillance in Residents of Xuchang City,Henan Province from 2019 to 2022

目的分析2019年至2022年河南省许昌市居民心脑血管疾病监测结果,了解该地区居民心脑血管疾病发生与死亡情况,为该地区疾病防控策略的优化与完善提供科学指导。方法自全国死因监测系统中获取2019年至2022年河南省许昌市居民心脑血管疾病死亡个案、人口死亡数据,统计并整理各年份心脑血管疾病发病情况与死亡情况,并根据当地统计局人口资料获取2019年至2022年当地人口数据,计算该地区各年份心脑血管疾病发病率与死亡率,分析该地区不同性别、年龄与死亡原因的心脑血管疾病患者的构成情况。结果2022年河南省许昌市居民心脑血管疾病发病率高于2019年、2020年及2021年,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2022年死亡率高于2020年、2021年,低于2019年,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2019年至2022年,河南省许昌市居民心脑血管疾病的患病类型主要为:脑梗死、脑出血、自发性心肌梗死、继发性心肌梗死、心脏性猝死等;2022年,心绞痛、蛛网膜下腔出血、脑梗死等疾病发生率显著高于2019年,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);河南省许昌市心脑血管疾病死亡患者中,男性患者占比均高于女性患者,年龄主要集中在60岁以上,且各年份≥80岁患者的心脑血管疾病死亡率明显高于<40岁患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);直接导致此类患者死亡的疾病主要为:心肌梗死、脑梗死、脑出血、猝死等,其中,各年份因心肌梗死而发生死亡者占比均超过40%,因脑梗死而发生死亡者占比均超过24%,因脑出血而发生死亡者占比约20%。结论2019年至2022年河南省许昌市居民心脑血管疾病的发病率与死亡率均呈现出一定上升趋势,且患者的年龄越高,发生死亡的风险相对更高,死亡原因主要为心肌梗死、脑梗死及脑出血。有关部门未来仍需加强对当地心脑血管疾病的监测与防治,尽快完善相关防控措施,尽可能实现此类疾病的早发现、早诊断与早治疗,为居民提供更多安全保障。

Objective To analyze the surveillance results of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in residents of Xuchang City,Henan Province from 2019 to 2022,to understand the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in this area,and to provide scientific guidance for the optimization and improvement of disease prevention and control strategies in this area.Methods Data on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths and population mortality from 2019 to 2022 were obtained from the national death cause surveillance system.The incidence and mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in each year were statistically analyzed and organized.Population data from 2019 to 2022 were obtained from the local statistics bureau,and the incidence and mortality rates of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in each year were calculated.The composition of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease patients by gender,age,and cause of death was analyzed.Results The incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in residents of Xuchang City,Henan Province in 2022 was higher than in 2019,2020,and 2021,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The mortality rate in 2022 was higher than in 2020 and 2021,but lower than in 2019,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).From 2019 to 2022,the main types of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in residents of Xuchang City,Henan Province were cerebral infarction,cerebral hemorrhage,spontaneous myocardial infarction,secondary myocardial infarction,and sudden cardiac death.In 2022,the incidence rates of angina pectoris,subarachnoid hemorrhage,and cerebral infarction were significantly higher than in 2019,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Among the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths in Xuchang City,Henan Province,the proportion of male patients was higher than that of female patients,with the age mainly concentrated above 60 years.The mortality rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in patients aged≥80 years was significantly higher than in patients aged<40 years,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The diseases directly leading to the death of these patients were mainly myocardial infarction,cerebral infarction,cerebral hemorrhage,and sudden death.Among them,the proportion of deaths due to myocardial infarction exceeded 40%in each year,the proportion of deaths due to cerebral infarction exceeded 24%,and the proportion of deaths due to cerebral hemorrhage was about 20%.Conclusion From 2019 to 2022,the incidence and mortality rates of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in residents of Xuchang City,Henan Province showed an upward trend.The higher the age of the patients,the higher the risk of death,with the main causes of death being myocardial infarction,cerebral infarction,and cerebral hemorrhage.Relevant departments need to strengthen the monitoring and prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the future,improve relevant prevention and control measures as soon as possible,and strive to achieve early detection,early diagnosis,and early treatment of such diseases to provide more safety guarantees for residents.