上海植物园苦苣苔科保育研究现状以及未来策略

Research Status and Future Strategy of Gesneriaceae Conservation at Shanghai Botanical Garden

苦苣苔科植物是有着极高物种丰富度和观赏价值的世界性分布物种,该科包括约150属3500种,主要分布在亚洲、美洲以及非洲的热带和亚热带地区,少数种类可以分布到欧洲的温带地区。中国有苦苣苔科植物约800余种,特有物种比例超过了85%,尤其是广西、云南和贵州的喀斯特地貌区域,物种多样性极其丰富。近年来苦苣苔科新分类群大量发表,但物种保护现状不容乐观,相当数量的物种在发现之时已经处于濒危受威胁状态,亟需开展就地和迁地保护。由于其生境特殊,对小环境的要求较为苛刻,因而苦苣苔具有较为适应条件可控的温室或室内栽培的特点。在上海地区创建国家植物园的当下,如何将上海植物园重要特色类群和国家植物园迁地保育建设有机结合,以提高植物园保育能力为核心工作,通过系统的基础理论研究、栽培选育、园艺展示、科普宣传和自然教育等方式,传播生态文明理念,加强城市生物多样性保护实践成为一项关系城市可持续发展的急切任务。基于此,以苦苣苔科植物的保育研究为例,探讨上海植物园未来较长一段时间的保育、研究和可持续利用策略,并结合国内主要开展苦苣苔科保育研究的植物园和机构,开展系统性的就地及迁地保护,以及野生物种保育现状评估和基础分类学研究,同时明确上海植物园的分工和未来的物种收集目标和任务,强调保育、研究和园艺相结合的工作模式。也可为其他物种的保育和研究提供借鉴,以期更好地服务于国家植物园建设和城市发展需要。

The Gesneriaceae is a cosmopolitan group of plants with high species richness and ornamental value.The family includes approximately 150 genera and 3,500 species,mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia,America,and Africa,with a few species extending to temperate regions of Europe.There are more than 800 species of Gesneriaceae in China,with more than 85%being endemic.In particular,the karst regions of Guangxi,Yunnan,and Guizhou have extremely rich species diversity.In recent years,a large number of new taxa of Gesneriaceae have been named,but the status of species conservation is not optimistic.A considerable number of species are already endangered or threatened when discovered,and insitu and ex-situ conservation are urgently needed.Dark and humid environments such as caves,rocks,and cliffs are preferred by Gesneriaceae.Due to their special habitat requirements,gesneriads have the characteristics of being more adaptable to controlled greenhouses or indoor cultivation.With the establishment of the National Botanical Garden in Shanghai,the dissemination of ecological research concepts and popular education in natural science,biodiversity,and conservation plays a vital role.This article takes as a basis the conservation research of gesneriads as an example to explore the conservation,research,and sustainable utilization strategies of Shanghai Botanical Garden for a long time in the future to come.Partnering with the major botanical gardens and institutions that conduct conservation research on gesneriads in China,we will carry out systematic in-situ and ex-situ conservation,comprehensive conservation status assessment,and basic taxonomic research.At the same time,we will clarify future collection objectives and tasks of Shanghai Botanical Garden,emphasize the work mode combining conservation,research,and horticulture,and provide reference for other species'conservation and research,to better serve the construction of the National Botanical Gardens and urban development needs.