藤本植物在上海城市立体绿化中的开发与利用

The Development and Utilization of Climbing Plants in Urban Vertical Greening of Shanghai

藤本植物是一种特殊的植物类型,资源丰富、科属众多、形态各异。因其占地较少、可塑性强、生态效益突出而对城市立体绿化具有重要意义。上海植物园自20世纪80年代开始系统性收集引种藤本植物资源,多年来一直从事藤本植物的引种、选育、栽培、应用等相关研究与立体绿化实践。随着上海的桥柱绿化、墙面绿化、屋顶绿化和家庭阳台等多种立体绿化的兴起和迅速发展,上海植物园选育的多种藤本植物、开发的立体绿化技术广泛用于城市立体空间的绿化和彩化,为丰富立体绿化景观、改善空气环境质量、减少建筑能耗等提供了植物资源和技术支撑。面对上海这一超大城市人口密集、空间有限等约束条件,应选育更多优良适生的常绿和观花藤本植物资源,量化并模拟藤本植物在不同环境和立柱条件下的表型可塑性和发展态势,开发低维护、可移动、可预制的藤本幕墙容器模块苗,为丰富城市立体绿化植物多样性、构建快速成景的生物绿墙提供支撑。

Climbing plants demonstrate a particular habit of growth.There are numerous genera and species with diverse forms.Due to their small footprint,strong plasticity,and outstanding ecological benefi ts,climbing plants are particularly signifi cant for urban vertical greening.Since the 1980s,researchers at Shanghai Botanical Garden have systematically introduced liana and vining resources on a large scale and engaged in research and three-dimensional greening practices related to climber introduction,breeding,cultivation,application,and other aspects.With the rise and rapid development of various three-dimensional greening methods such as bridge column greening,wall greening,roof greening,and family balcony greening in Shanghai,a variety of climbing plant and three-dimensional greening technologies have been developed at Shanghai Botanical Garden.These methods have been widely used in urban three-dimensional greening and colorization,providing rich plant resources and technical support for enriching the urban vertical greening and less energy consumption.A megacity like Shanghai,with a dense population and limited space,needs more evergreen and climbing plants.These plants should be selected and bred;and the phenotypic plasticity and development trend of climbing plants in different planting environments should be quantifi ed and simulated.Low-maintenance,movable,prefabricated modular containers seeded with climbing plants should be developed to enrich the diversity of urban vertical greening,and supported the construction of fast-growing green walls.