以色列宗教政党的崛起及其影响

The Rise and Influence of Religious Parties in Israel

在新一轮巴以冲突持续的背景下,宗教政党在以色列公共生活中的作用备受关注。至少从20世纪70年代开始,以色列宗教政党快速崛起,越来越具有与其规模不对称的影响力。2009年2月内塔尼亚胡再次执政以来,宗教政党的影响力日益突出。宗教政党以内塔尼亚胡半制度化盟友的身份突起,其原因是多方面的,涉及组阁困境、联盟双方的目标取向、宗教政党的策略、实力和潜力以及以色列的安全环境等因素的共同作用。然而,以色列宗教政党异军突起加速了以色列右翼政治的极端化,对以色列的民主制度、社会和谐与经济发展造成十分消极的影响;同时促使联合政府推行更加激进的对外政策,加剧以色列国家安全困境和加沙地带人道主义危机。各种难题、挑战加上不确定性,反过来使宗教政党在以色列政治中的作用受到掣肘和冲击。

Against the backdrop of a new round of ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict,the role of religious parties in Israel's public life has attracted much attention.Since at least the 1970s,religious parties in Israel have been rising rapidly,increasingly exerting an influence that is asymmetric to their size.Since Netanyahu came to power again in February 2009,the influence of religious parties has become increasingly prominent.Religious parties emerged as Netanyahu's semi-institutionalized allies for many reasons,including the dilemma of forming a cabinet,the orientation of both sides of the coalition,the strategy,strength and potential of religious parties,and Israel's securityenvironment.However,the sudden emergence of religious parties accelerated the polarization of Israeli right-wing politics,which had a negative impact on Israel's democratic system,social harmony,and economic development.Meanwhile,it has prompted the coalitiongovernment to pursue a more radical foreign policy,which aggravated Israel's national security dilemma and the humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip.The difficulties,challenges and uncertainties constrain and impact the role of religious parties in Israeli politics.