三维光热蒸发器结构设计理念研究进展

Research Progress in Structural Design Concept of Three-dimensional Photothermal Evaporator

太阳能驱动界面蒸发过程因清洁环保、无污染的特点而受到广泛关注,利用太阳能光热蒸发器进行海水淡化可有效缓解地球表面淡水资源匮乏的困境。经过数十年发展,光热蒸发过程及机理逐渐明晰,且已开发出多种材料及形式的蒸发器。其中,三维(3D)光热蒸发器由于存在3D空腔结构,不仅可以允许光的多次反射促进吸收,其较大的侧面面积也可改善热管理并促进水蒸发,具有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了3D光热蒸发器结构设计及在海水淡化应用中的研究进展,从光吸收、热管理、耐盐结晶等方面,总结了已开发的3D蒸发器结构对蒸发速率和蒸发效率的影响,最后总结了当前光热蒸发器研究及实际应用过程中存在的问题,并展望了未来光热蒸发技术的发展趋势。

Solar-driven interface evaporation process has attracted wide spread attention due to its environmentally friendly and non-pollution characteristics.Seawater desalination using solar photothermal evaporator can effectively alleviate the plight of the shortage of freshwater resources on the earth s surface.After decades of development,the process and mechanism of photothermal evaporation have gradually become clear,and a variety of materials and shapes of evaporators have been developed.Due to the 3D cavity structure,the three-dimensional(3D)photothermal evaporator can not only allow multiple reflections of light to promote absorption,but also improve heat management and promote water evaporation with its large side area,which has broad application prospects.This paper briefly describes 3D photothermal evaporator and its research progress in the application of seawater desalination,and summarizes the effects of different 3D evaporator structures on the evaporation rate and efficiency in terms of light absorption,heat management,salt crystallization,etc.Finally,the problems in the current research and practical application of photothermal evaporator are summarized,and the development trend of photothermal evaporation technology in the future is predicted.