气凝胶复合材料的制备及保温隔热应用进展

Progress in Aerogel Composite s Preparation and Thermal Insulation Application

气凝胶复合材料由于具有密度低、比表面积大、孔隙率高和导热系数低等结构功能特性,成为最主要的新型保温隔热材料之一。本文简述了气凝胶复合材料的发展历程、制备工艺及方法,从气凝胶复合材料的微观形貌结构、热量传递组成、隔热传热表征等方面对其保温隔热性能及机理进行分析,重点介绍了近年来气凝胶复合材料的保温隔热性能应用在军事航空航天、建筑节能环保、能源存储转化、极端环境材料、电动汽车电池、冷藏(冻)运输以及供热锅炉管道等诸多领域中取得的新进展。同时,对其在各个领域应用中遇到的问题进行了详细讨论并给出建议。此外,文末对气凝胶复合材料在未来的研发、生产及应用中的研究方向进行了展望。

Aerogel composites are one of the most prominent new thermal insulation materials due to their structural functional properties such as low density,large specific surface area,high porosity and low thermal conductivity.This paper briefly describes the development history of aerogel composites,new methods for the preparation process of aerogel composites,analyzes the thermal insulation performance and mechanism of aerogel composites in terms of their microscopic morphological structure,heat transfer composition,thermal insulation and heat transfer characterization,and highlights the new progress made in recent years in the application of the thermal insulation performance of aerogel composites in many fields such as military aerospace,building energy conservation and environmental protection,energy storage and transformation,extreme environmental materials,electric vehicle batteries,refrigerated or frozen transportation and heating boiler pipelines.At the same time,the problems encountered in their application in various fields are discussed in detail and suggestions are given.In addition,the paper ends with an outlook on future research directions in the development,production and application of aerogel composites.