现代文化商品价值规律的迷思与澄清——基于马克思主义经济学原理

Clarifying the Misunderstood Law of the Value in Modern Cultural Commodities:A Marxist Economics Analysis

现代文化商品的价值规律是文化经济学者首先面临的却也是长期以来被误解的问题,诸如文化商品的价值量由个别劳动时间决定、价格不取决于价值量等流行观点,使文化商品的价值与价格笼罩着“不可知论”的迷雾,故亟须以科学的劳动价值论为基石的马克思主义经济学原理作为逻辑起点,沿着“生产方式—价值内容—价格机制”的唯物主义研究理路廓清与重释这一议题。具体而言,第一,考察文化商品的价值与劳动的关系时,应彻底地将具体劳动转化为抽象劳动、复杂劳动转化为简单劳动、个人劳动转化为社会劳动;第二,将文化蓝本视作类似于土地的知识性客体从而考察文化商品生产过程;第三,计算文化商品的价值量时应以发生交换时生产特定使用价值的社会必要劳动时间为准,且实物型商品与服务型商品的价值形成原理有所差异;第四,在发达的市场经济条件下,价值规律可拓展为决定某类文化商品乃至整个文化生产部门所得利润率与劳动量的约束条件。

The law of value in modern cultural commodities is not only a primary issue to be considered by scholars of cultural economy,but also a thorny issue that has long been misunderstood.Given the popular views that the amount of value of cultural commodities is determined by the individual labor time,and that the price is not determined by the amount of value,the value and price of cultural commodities are shrouded in the mist of agnosticism.Therefore,it is urgently necessary to take the principles of Marxist economics as a logical starting point and follow the materialistic rationale of“production method-value content-price mechanism”to clarify and reinterpret this issue.Specifically,firstly,when examining the relationship between the value of cultural commodities and labor,concrete labor should be completely transformed into abstract labor,complex labor into simple labor,and individual labor into social labor.Secondly,the cultural blueprint should be regarded as intellectual objects similar to land,so as to examine the process of production of cultural commodities.Thirdly,the calculation of the value of cultural commodities should be based on the socially necessary labor time for the production of a specific use value at the time of exchange,and the value of physical goods should be calculated based on the time required to produce a specific use value.Thirdly,the calculation of the amount of value of cultural goods should be based on the socially necessary labor time for the production of a specific use value at the time of exchange,and the principle of value formation differs between physical goods and service goods.Fourthly,under the conditions of a developed market economy,the law of value can be expanded into a constraint that determines the rate of profit and the amount of labor for a particular type of cultural good and for the cultural production sector as a whole.