3种架式对‘新郁’葡萄栽培性状及果实品质的影响

Effects of 3 Trellis Systems on Cultivation Characters and Berry Quality of‘Xinyu’Grape

为筛选及优化西北干旱区鲜食葡萄优质高效栽培架式,以‘新郁’葡萄为试验材料,设置独龙干+水平叶幕(SDTS-H)、顺行龙干+水平叶幕(ISDTS-H)和顺行龙干+V+水平叶幕(ISDTS-VH)3种栽培架式,分析其对‘新郁’葡萄叶片光合特性、果穗微域环境、果实品质及经济效益的影响。结果表明,相比SDTS-H,ISDTS-VH叶片净光合速率提高7.73%,ISDTS-H水分利用效率提高14.13%;ISDTS-H、ISDTS-VH比SDTS-H果穗微域环境平均温度分别升高2.29和2.24℃,平均湿度分别减小4.96和3.85个百分点,日均总辐射分别为SDTS-H的2.66和1.31倍;ISDTS-H、ISDTS-VH葡萄较SDTS-H早熟,成熟期果实可溶性固形物、花色苷、类黄酮、维生素C含量及葡萄果实色泽指数均显著高于SDTS-H,SDTS-VH果实成熟后期果粒质量最大,为13.99 g,类黄酮和维生素C含量最高,分别为7.36和44.18 mg·kg^(-1),且具有适度的花色苷含量(1.22 mg·g^(-1)),综合品质最好;SDTSVH实际果穗数、实际产量与目标值相似指数最高,分别为0.73和1.06;ISDTS-VH相比传统SDTS-H,累计工时投入减少48.00%,经济效益提高189.58%。综上所述,ISDTS-VH栽培的‘新郁’葡萄叶片光合速率最高,果穗微域环境最优,利于品质形成和产量控制,栽培经济效益最高。

In order to screen and optimize the high quality and high efficiency cultivation trellis system of table grape in the northwest arid area,China,the‘Xinyu’grape was used as experimental material,with 3 treatments including single dragon trunk shaping+horizontal leaf curtain(SDTS-H),inclined single dragon trunk shaping+horizontal leaf curtain(ISDTS-H),and inclined single dragon trunk shaping+vertical+horizontal leaf curtains(ISDTS-VH)were set,and the effects of 3 trellis systems on leaves photosynthetic characteristics,cluster micro-environment,fruit quality and economic benefits of‘Xinyu’grape were analyzed.The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate was higher with ISDTS-VH than with SDTS-H by 7.73%,the water use efficiency was higher with ISDTS-H than with SDTS-H by 14.13%.Compared with SDTS-H,mean temperature with ISDTS-H and ISDTS-VH were higher than that with ISDTS-VH with 2.29 and 2.24℃,mean humidity were lower with ISDTS-H and ISDTS-VH than with ISDTS-VH by 4.96 and 3.85 percentage points,respectively.The daily average total radiation with ISDTS-H and ISDTS-VH were 2.66 and 1.31 times compared with SDTS-H.Grapes with ISDTS-H and ISDTS-VH ripened earlier than with SDTS-H,and the contents of soluble solids,anthocyanin,flavonoid,vitamin C and color index of red grape were significantly higher with ISDTS-H and ISDTS-VH fruits than with SDTS-H when berry ripening.The berry mass,flavonoid content and vitamin C content of SDTS-VH were the highest by 13.99 g,7.36 and 44.18 mg·kg^(-1),respectively,and the anthocyanin content was 1.22 mg·g^(-1) at the later stage of fruit ripen,the fruit quality was the best.Actual number of clusters similarity index and actual yield similarity index of SDTS-VH were the highest,with 0.73 and 1.06.Compared with SDTS-H,the cumulative hours with ISDTS-VH was reduced by 48.00%and the economic performance increased by 189.58%.Taken together,photosynthetic rate of ISDTS-VH was the highest,cluster micro-environment was the optimal,beneficial to quality formation and yield control,and economic performance was the highest.