家庭资本是否影响高中生高考公平性评价——基于混合研究设计的分析

Does Family Capital Affect the Fairness Evaluation of College Entrance Examination for High School Students:Based on Mixed Study Design

基于18355份“3+1+2”模式高中生的调查数据,通过混合研究方法,分析家庭资本是否影响高中生的高考公平性评价,并对其成因进行解释。量化研究表明:家庭资本不会影响高中生对高考改革与录取结果公平的评价,但家庭经济与文化资本能显著影响高中生对高考加分政策公平的评价,即家庭经济与文化资本越高的高中生越认同取消高考加分更有利于维护高考公平。质性访谈发现:不同家庭资本的高中生均认可高考改革和录取结果公正性,但不同家庭经济与文化资本的高中生对高考加分政策持有不同态度,其矛盾焦点在于高考加分政策覆盖范围和落实过程的规范性,以及具体加分分值的合理性。为此,研究建议:以规范化改革维护高考制度公平性的同时,也应适当关照弱势群体和特殊群体,并进一步完善高考加分资格审核。

Based on 18355“3+1+2”survey data of high school students,this paper analyzes whether family capital affects the fairness evaluation of college entrance examination for high school students,and explains the reasons for it.The quantitative research shows that family capital does not affect the high school students'evaluation of the fairness of the college entrance examination reform and admission results,but family economic and cultural capital can significantly affect the high school students'fairness evaluation of the policy of plus points,the higher the family economic and cultural capital,the more agreement that canceling the plus points is more conducive to the fairness.The results of qualitative interviews show that high school students with different family capital all agree with the fairness of the reform of the college entrance examination reform and admission results,but high school students with different family economic and cultural capital hold different attitudes towards the policy of plus points,the focus of the contradiction lies in the coverage of the policy and the standardization of the implementation process,as well as the rationality of the specific bonus points.The study suggests that while maintaining the fairness of the college entrance examination system through standardized reform,we should also take proper care of the disadvantaged and special groups,and further improve the examination of college entrance examination bonus points.