现代性体验与个体的存在选择——基于赫勒的存在选择理论

The Experience of Modernity and the Individual’s Existential Choice——Based on Heller’s Theory of Existential Choice

现代性的机制使现代个体的生存呈现出悖论的状态:一方面,现代个体获得前所未有的自由创造和个性发展机遇;另一方面,由于确定性的丧失而使他们面临着个体自由失去根基的异化境遇。对此,东欧新马克思主义理论家阿格妮丝·赫勒一方面对现代个体的悖论式的、偶然性的现代性体验和生存困境作了深入、细致的考察和分析,明确偶然性是悖论性的根源,在此基础上将偶然性作为其现代性理论的哲学预设;另一方面,又借助存在选择理论为现代人摆脱这种生存困境、异化状态提出做“好人”和“好公民”的建设性方案,在一定程度上丰富和发展了现代性批判理论、马克思的异化理论。

The mechanism of modernity makes the existence of modern individuals present a paradoxical state.Modern individuals are given unprecedented opportunities for freedom of creation and personality devel⁃opment,while they are faced with an alienated situation in which their individual freedom loses its foundation due to the loss of certainty.In this regard,Agnes Heller,a Neo-Marxist theorist in Eastern Europe,on the one hand,made an in-depth examination and analysis of the paradoxical and contingent experience of modernity and existential dilemma of the modern individual and made it clear that contingency is the root of paradox.On this basis,she took contingency as the philosophical presupposition of her theory of modernity.On the other hand,with existential choice theory,she proposed constructive solutions for modern man to get rid of this exis⁃tential dilemma and alienation by being a“good man”and a“good citizen”.To a certain extent,this enriches and develops the critical theory of modernity.