当代西方激进左翼“共产主义观念复兴”的四条进路及其批判

Four Approaches to the“Revival of the Concept of Communism”in the Contemporary Western Radical Left and Their Critique

当代西方激进左翼一个重要的思想倾向就是“共产主义观念的复兴”,主要体现出四条思想进路,即把共产主义视为柏拉图式先在性理念和康德意义上的调节性理念的理念化倾向;把共产主义视为反对现实矛盾的社会对抗运动的现实化倾向;把共产主义视为全球化和信息化发展阶段中所凸显的共同性趋势的内在化倾向;把共产主义视为以审美变革为基础的感性化倾向。这四种进路一方面体现出当代西方激进左翼学者在新条件下寻求新的革命主体和革命策略的尝试和努力,另一方面也体现出对马克思主义经典作家思考共产主义的基本观点、基本立场和基本态度的曲解和误解。总结、反思当代西方激进左翼共产主义观念复兴中的趋向,以唯物史观基本立场、观点、方法对其展开批判,能够为我们在当代条件下更好认识共产主义提供一定的思想启示。

An important ideological tendency of the contemporary radical left in the West is the“revival of the Concept of Communism”,which mainly embodies four ideological approaches,namely,the conceptualization tendency that regards communism as a Platonic idea of pre-existence and a regulative idea in the sense of Kant;the realization tendency that regards communism as a movement of social confrontation against the con⁃tradictions of reality;the internalization tendency that regards communism as a trend of commonality high⁃lighted in the stage of globalization and information development;and the perceptual tendency to see commu⁃nism as based on aesthetic change.These four approaches reflect,on the one hand,the attempts and endeav⁃ours of contemporary Western radical left-wing scholars to seek new revolutionary subjects and revolutionary strategies under new conditions.On the other hand,they also reflect the misinterpretation and misunderstand⁃ing of the basic viewpoints,positions and attitudes of the classic Marxist writers in thinking about communism.Summarizing and reflecting on the tendencies in the revival of the contemporary Western radical left-wing con⁃cept of communism,and critiquing it with the basic standpoints,viewpoints and methods of the materialist con⁃cept of history,can provide certain ideological enlightenment for us to better understand communism in the contemporary conditions.