美国进步主义时代“乡村生活运动”探析

The Exploration and Analysis of the“Country Life Movement”in the American Progressive Era of USA

进步主义时代以城市改革者为主体发起的“乡村生活运动”,是美国联邦政府“乡村振兴”战略的开端。从1908年成立的乡村生活委员会到后来组建的乡村生活协会,改革者逐步把“乡村生活运动”推向高潮。“乡村生活运动”改变了美国的乡村生产生活方式,促进了农业现代化,带动了乡村文化、教育和社会多方面的改革,并从另一个侧面折射出进步主义时代的改革成果。尤其值得注意的是,在“乡村生活运动”中,城市改革者与农民之间形成了良性的互动关系,进一步加快了美国的工业化和城市化步伐。但遗憾的是,美国“乡村生活运动”最终并没有完成“乡村振兴”的使命,而且运动发展过程中仍出现一些问题。在这个意义上,对进步主义时代“乡村生活运动”的研究,也有助于理解当时美国乡村振兴与社会变革之间的多元互动关系。

The Country Life Movement mainly initiated by the urban reformers during the progressive era is the starting point of the rural revitalization in the United States.From the Country Life Commission founded in 1908 till the Country Life Association founded later,the reformers has brought the Country Life Movement in the United States into the golden age of development.The Country Life Movement has changed the way of country production and life style in the United States,promoted the agricultural modernization,and reformed rural culture,education and society.Moreover,it also reflected the reform achievements of the progressive era.It is particularly noteworthy that in the Country Life Movement,a positive interaction was formed between urban reformers and farmers,which further accelerated the industrialization and urbanization in the United States.It’s a pity,however,that the Movement did not complete the mission of rural revitalization in the end,but there were still some problems in the development of the movement.In this sense,the study of the Country Life Movement in the American progressive era is also helpful to understand the multiple interaction between rural revitalization and social change at that time.