大一统视野下的西周分封制

The Enfeoffment System of the Western Zhou Dynasty under the Perspective of the Great Unification

从近出金文资料与清华简看,周初分封建立的央地关系模式有较强的中央集权属性。周公东征后在战略要冲设置隶属中央的地方军政机构,"诸‘侯"作为周王派遣到地方政区的主官,需要接受中央任免与监督。三卿等地方封国的主要官僚,由中央直接任命。在"分寄式中央集权"体制的严格管控下,封国基本上能够恪尽职守、勤恤王事,裂土自重、对抗中央的情况较少。

From the recently unearthed inscriptions and Tsinghua bamboo slips,it can be seen that the central regional relationship model established during the enfeoffment in the early Western Zhou Dynasty had a strong centralization attribute.After Duke of Zhou's Conquest of the East,the Zhou Dynasty established local military and political institutions under the central government at strategic locations.As the main officials dispatched by the Zhou Emperor to local political areas,the feudal lords were subject to central appointment,removal,and supervision.The main bureaucrats of the feudal states,such as the Three Ministers,are directly appointed by the central government.Under the strict control of the"decentralized centralization"'system,feudal lords were basically able to fulfill their duties,be diligent in handling royal affairs,and there were fewer cases of self respect and confrontation with the central government.