中国特色减贫道路:来自扶贫开发计划的证据

Alleviating Poverty Like China:Evidence from the Poverty Alleviation and Development Plans

中国经济快速发展的同时,区域发展不平衡问题依然突出。培育贫困地区经济高质量发展的内生动力是解决区域不平衡问题的治本之举。中国政府在2011年底推出了新一轮全国性区域扶贫开发计划,本文利用手工收集整理的政策文件信息,结合县域经济、企业和土地交易等宏微观数据,运用双重差分法深入剖析了区域扶贫政策的宏观经济效果和微观作用机制。研究发现,扶贫开发计划显著推动了贫困地区的经济发展,且未对邻近或对口帮扶地区造成负面影响。贫困地区经济发展主要得益于工业化的推进,其中既包括生产规模扩张的外延式发展,又包括生产效率改善的内涵式发展。此外,成本收益分析表明扶贫开发计划具有较高的经济效益,并具有财政长期可持续性。本文结果为进一步完善区域扶贫政策措施、推动区域均衡发展提供了重要参考。

Although China’s economy has grown rapidly,the issue of imbalances in regionaldevelopment remain significant.Cultivating endogenous drivers for high-quality economic developmentin poverty-stricken areas is key to alleviating these imbalances.In late 2011,the Chinese governmentlaunched a new round of nationwide regional poverty alleviation and development plans.This paperuses manually collected and organised policy documents,along with macro and micro data on countyeconomies,enterprises and land transactions,and employs the difference-in-differences(DID)method toanalyse the macroeconomic effects and micromechanisms of these policies.The study concludes thatpoverty alleviation and development plans have significantly boosted economic development inimpoverished areas without causing negative effects on surrounding or associated areas.Economicgrowth in poverty-stricken areas has mainly been due to industrialisation,which has included bothextensive growth through production scale expansion and intensive growth through productionefficiency improvement.On the other hand,a cost-benefit analysis indicates that poverty alleviation anddevelopment plans offer excellent economic benefits and long-term financial sustainability.The resultsof the study provide important references for further improvement of regional poverty alleviationpolicies and the promotion of balanced regional development.