情感博弈与国际制度中的情感秩序

Contest over Emotions and the Emotional Order in International Institutions

在国际政治研究出现“情感转向”的背景下,情感博弈已开始得到学界的关注,但尚未完全进入国际制度研究的视野。作者致力于观察不满现状国与守成国之间的情感博弈,尝试解释这种互动关系如何冲击国际制度中的情感秩序。情感博弈是指围绕相互对立的政治目标发生的,以情感表达或挑战对手的情感表达为手段的博弈。情感秩序则是指各成员方的情感表达有益于维护现有制度的状态。特定的情感表达有助于维护既有制度安排,包括对于既有制度的自豪感与希望感、对于该制度意欲解决问题的恐惧或焦虑等。不满现状国或是表达对于不公正制度的愤怒与失望,或是利用恐惧与焦虑并重塑其内涵,向既有制度的有效性发起挑战。守成国并不总是积极维护有益于既有制度的情感表达,而是更加关注如何应对不满现状国的情感表达对其物质利益造成的威胁。受制于不满现状国的策略选择,守成国为维护自身利益可能诉诸冲击既有制度安排的情感表达。对国际刑事法院与国际核不扩散机制进行案例分析,可以发现情感博弈在这两项制度中以及在国际核不扩散机制的不同历史阶段对情感秩序造成的冲击存在差异,这表明情感对于国际制度研究具有一定的学术价值和意义,也说明情感博弈的互动逻辑会对国际制度变革产生影响。

With the“emotional turn”of international relations studies,the politics of emotions has entered the research agenda.But it has not been explored by researchers of international institutions.This research aims to observe how dissatisfied states and status quo states compete over emotions.It also explains how this competition impacts the emo⁃tional order within international institutions.Countries with opposite political ends will com⁃pete with each other through emotional expressions or challenges to their opponents'emo⁃tional expressions.Emotional order is maintained when the emotional expressions of member states can help legitimize the existing institutional arrangements.This research takes note of some emotions that are useful for maintaining the institution,which include pride and hope for the institution as well as fear or anxiety about the problems that the institution intends to deal with.Dissatisfied states may express their anger and disappointment towards an unfair arrangement.They may also leverage fear and anxiety and reshape their meanings to chal⁃lenge the effectiveness of an institution.Facing these challenges,status quo states do not always act as defenders of those emotions that help legitimize the status quo.Their primary goal is to mitigate the threats that dissatisfied states pose to their material interests,which may sometimes lead them to resort to emotions that challenge the status quo.Case studies involve the International Criminal Court and the global nuclear non⁃proliferation regime and show that the contest over emotions can have a diverse impact on the emotional order in dif⁃ferent institutions,and even in different periods for the same institution.This research can demonstrate the value of considering emotions when doing research on international institu⁃tions.It also sheds light on the impact that contests over emotions can have on the reform of international institutions.