耳鸣发病机制的研究进展

Research Progress of Pathogenesis of Tinnitus

耳鸣是耳内科临床工作中最常见的疾病之一,了解耳鸣的发病机制有助于各类型耳鸣的诊断及对症治疗。在听觉传导过程中,听觉神经末梢存在兴奋性递质和抑制性递质,正常情况下,这两种递质表现出动态平衡。听觉系统及非听觉系统产生问题导致兴奋性递质与抑制性递质的平衡被打破,进而使听觉中枢发生一系列对应性改变,即中枢重塑。中枢重塑机制是耳鸣发生发展的重要原因,基因、全身其他疾病、性别、年龄、情绪因素等也在耳鸣的发生发展过程中起重要作用。目前针对耳鸣的治疗多为对症治疗,关于耳鸣发病机制的研究在耳鸣的对因治疗、预防治疗方面具有重要意义。

Tinnitus is one of the most common diseases in the clinical work of otology.Understanding the pathogenesis of tinnitus is helpful for the diagnosis and symptomatic treatment of various types of tinnitus.In the process of auditory conduction,there are excitatory and inhibitory transmitters in the auditory nerve endings,and under normal circumstances,these two transmitters show dynamic balance.Problems in the auditory system and non-auditory system cause the balance between excitatory and inhibitory transmitters to be broken,and then a series of corresponding changes occur in the auditory center,that is,central remodeling.Central remodeling mechanism is an important reason for the occurrence and development of tinnitus,while genes,other diseases of the body,gender,age,emotional factors also play important roles in the occurrence and development of tinnitus.At present,the treatment of tinnitus is mostly symptomatic treatment,and the research on the pathogenesis of tinnitus is of great significance in the targeted treatment and preventive treatment of tinnitus.