小儿术前禁食管理及风险研究进展

Research Progress of Preoperative Fasting Management and Risk in Children

小儿术前禁食管理是重要的临床工作,可影响小儿麻醉安全和就医体验。禁食指南可为小儿术前合理禁食提供指导,避免长时间禁食导致不良影响,减少小儿胃内残留,降低围手术期反流误吸的发生率。但目前关于小儿术前禁食管理仍有许多问题需要优化,长时间禁食可导致小儿不适感,在心理、生理和麻醉安全方面均会产生不利影响。避免反流和误吸是禁食的主要目的,多种因素可影响胃排空,增加反流误吸的发生率。术前饮用清液已成为小儿禁食研究的热点,值得推荐。未来可全面了解小儿术前禁食管理及风险,从而避免因不恰当禁食管理导致的潜在危害。

Preoperative fasting management of children is an important clinical work,which is related to the safety of anesthesia and medical experience of the children.Fasting guidelines provide guidance for children to reasonably fast before surgery,avoid adverse effects caused by prolonged fasting,reduce gastric residual in children,and reduce the occurrence of perioperative regurgitation and aspiration.However,at present,there are still many problems in preoperative fasting management in children that need to be optimized.Prolonged fasting can cause discomfort in children,which can have adverse effects on the psychological,physiological and anesthetic safety.Avoiding regurgitation and aspiration is the main purpose of fasting,and multiple factors can affect gastric emptying which increases the occurrence of regurgitation and aspiration.Drinking clear fluids before surgery has become the focus of fasting research in children,and it is worth recommending.In the future,the preoperative fasting management and risks of children should be comprehensively understood,so as to avoid the potential harm caused by inappropriate fasting management.